科技期刊常用量的符号、名称及释义

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成都平原西郊PM2.5载带水溶性离子污染特征

为探究成都平原西郊冬季颗粒物污染特征,采用离子色谱仪对选择点位冬季PM_2.5载带进行离子测定。结合空气站点PM_2.5、SO₂、NO₂质量浓度,分析其浓度特征、酸碱度、相关性及主要来源等情况。结果表明：采样期间,该区域大气PM_2.5质量浓度均值为73.1μg/m³,主要水溶性离子质量浓度均值为27.42μg/m³,占比为37.5%;阴阳离子当量比为1.003,PM_2.5呈酸性;二次离子(NH⁺₄、SO₄^2-、NO^-₃)占总水溶性离子质量浓度比值为71.7%且相关性较好,污染期间SNA主要以NH₄HSO₄和NH₄NO₃两种形式存在;主成分分析可知燃烧排放、建筑施工扬尘及机动车排放二次转换是造成西郊冬季...     

去除药品分装粉尘的新方法

通常在药品生产、分装、包装等过程中,工作环境会出现大量的药物粉尘污染问题。为了改善和创造良好的工作环境,结合中药药材标准物质粉末分装工作,研制出一套高效自动除尘设备。它可有效控制工作区域的粉尘流向并定位收集,达到人与粉尘的高度分离,有效地改善了工作环境。     

基于卫星遥感与地面监测分析北京大气NO_2污染特征

分析了1999—2010年北京大气NO2地面质量浓度、2004年以来北京及周边NO2柱浓度的变化.结果表明：1999—2007年来北京大气NO2质量浓度以升高为主.2008年实施奥运空气质量保障措施极大地缓解了北京NO2污染状况,地面质量浓度与垂直柱浓度都出现不同程度的回落.2009年北京大气NO2污染又有所反弹,但低...     

Factors affecting the direct mineralization of CO2 with olivine

Olivine, one of the most abundant minerals existing in nature, is explored as a CO2 carbonation agent for direct carbonation of CO2 in flue gas. Olivine based CO2 capture is thermodynamically favorable and can form a stable carbonate for long-term storage. Experimental results have shown that water vapor plays an important role in improving CO2 carbonation rate and capacities. Other operation conditions including reaction temperature, initial CO2 concentration, residence time corresponding to the flow rate of CO2 gas stream, and water vapor concentration also considerably affect the performance of the technology.     

秋季渤海和北黄海海水中挥发性卤代烃的分布与通量

使用吹扫-捕集气相色谱法于2013年11月对渤海和北黄海海水中4种常见的挥发性卤代烃(VHCs)浓度进行了分析。结果表明:秋季渤海和北黄海表层海水中CHBr2Cl、CHBr3、C2HCl3和C2Cl4的浓度平均值和变化范围分别为7.03(4.23~12.63) pmol/L、19.61(5.99~55.00) pmol/L、20.37(1.68~58.25) pmol/L和41.03(10.84~96.94)pmol/L。受生物生产、人为输入、陆地径流等因素的共同作用,4种VHCs浓度呈现出不同的空间分布特征,总体表现为渤海海域由北向南递减,北黄海海域山东半岛以北、鸭绿江口浓度较低的特点。受地理位置和水文条件的影响,不同站位VHCs浓度在垂直分布上有较大差异,但最大值均出现在真光层。周日变化研究表明:VHCs在13:00和17:00浓度较大,7:00和21:00浓度较低,说明VHCs生产释放受光照和潮汐等因素的共同影响。采用Liss和Salter双膜模型估算了CHBr2Cl、CHBr3、C2HCl3和C2Cl4的海-气通量,结果分别为36.28(0.13~109.54)nmol/m2d、85.96(-8.9~308.61)nmol/m2d、191.71(0.10~386.67)nmol/m2d和285.14(0.19~914.85)nmol/m2d,表明在调查期间渤海和北黄海是大气中CHBr2Cl、CHBr3、C2HCl3和C2Cl4的源。     

盐度渐变过程对黄条鰤(Seriola aureovittata)幼鱼渗透调节的影响

为了解盐度渐变对黄条鰤(Seriola aureovittata)渗透调节的影响,设置自然海水(对照组盐度为29),5,10,15,20,35六个盐度梯度,并对不同盐度下幼鱼鳃丝Na+/K+-ATP 酶活力、离子浓度、渗透压进行了检测和分析。结果显示:在盐度5~35,黄条鰤尿、血清、血浆的渗透压均随盐度升高而升高,盐度为35时渗透压均为最高,其中尿的渗透压显著高于血清和血浆渗透压。在盐度从29下降的过程中,鳃丝Na+/K+-ATP酶活力、离子浓度、渗透压呈现相似的变化规律,都随着盐度的降低而呈现总体下降的趋势;盐度从29升高到35时,各检测指标中仅有尿和血浆的K+ 含量无显著变化(P >0.05),其余均显著升高(P <0.05)。实验结果表明,黄条鰤生存和繁衍的自然海水盐度29是幼鱼存活的适宜盐度,在略低的盐度20~29均能较快适应,说明在盐度渐变过程中,黄条鰤幼鱼对外界盐度变化有较强的调节能力。     

Early stage toxicity of excess copper to photosystem II of Chlorella pyrenoidosa–OJIP chlorophyll a fluorescence analysis

Acute toxicity of excess Cu on the photosynthetic performance of Chlorella pyrenoidosa was examined by using chlorophyll a fluorescence transients and JIP-test after exposure to elevated Cu concentrations for a short time period. High Cu concentration resulted in a significant suppression in photosynthesis and respiration. The absorption flux (ABS/RC) per PSII reaction center increased with increasing Cu concentration, but the electron transport flux (ET₀/RC) decreased. Excess Cu had an insignificant effect on the trapping flux (TR₀/RC). The decline in the efficiency, with which a trapped exciton can move an electron into the electron transport chain further than Q_A−(Ψ₀), the maximal quantum yield of primary photochemistry (?_P0), and the quantum yield of electron transport (?_E0) were also observed. The amount of active PSII reaction centers per excited cross section (RC/CS) was also in consistency with the change of photosynthesis when cells were exposed to excess Cu concentration. JIP-test parameters had a good linear relationship with photosynthetic O₂ evolution. These results suggested that the decrease of photosynthesis in exposure to excess Cu may be a result of the inactivation of PSII reaction centers and the inhibition of electron transport in the acceptor side.     

底物浓度和缓冲液浓度对MFC性能影响研究

实验研究了阳极室进口底物浓度和缓冲溶液浓度对碳刷阳极微生物燃料电池产电性能的影响,并利用循环伏安法考察了不同条件下阳极生物膜的电化学活性。结果表明,电池的功率密度随进口底物浓度的增加而增大;在进口底物浓度为500 mg COD/L时,其达到饱和。随着缓冲液浓度的增加,电池的功率密度增大,这是由于缓冲液不仅维持了阳极室及阳极生物膜的p H,而且增强了阳极电解液的离子强度。循环伏安测试结果进一步证实了不同条件下电池的产电性能。