新一代大气扩散模型(ADMS)应用研究

应用一般的高斯模型与新一代大气扩散模型 (ADMS) ,分别计算了朝阳市区在不同的气象条件下的SO2 日均浓度 ,并与实测浓度进行了对比分析。结果表明 :应用ADMS模型可以得到与实测浓度较一致的结果     

絮凝沉降法强化处理城市污水的试验研究与探讨

通过絮凝沉降法强化城市综合污水的一级处理 ,该方法简易高效 ,运行灵活 ,出水水质稳定 ,对中低浓度的城市污水而言在技术上可靠 ,经济上可行。     

Microbial community functional structure in response to micro-aerobic conditions in sulfate-reducing sulfur-producing bioreactor

Limited oxygen supply to anaerobic wastewater treatment systems had been demonstrated as an effective strategy to improve elemental sulfur(S0) recovery, coupling sulfate reduction and sulfide oxidation. However, little is known about the impact of dissolved oxygen(DO) on the microbial functional structures in these systems. We used a high throughput tool(GeoChip) to evaluate the microbial community structures in a biological desulfurization reactor under micro-aerobic conditions(DO: 0.02–0.33 mg/L). The results indicated that the microbial community functional compositions and structures were dramatically altered with elevated DO levels. The abundances of dsrA/B genes involved in sulfate reduction processes significantly decreased(p 0.05, LSD test) at relatively high DO concentration(DO: 0.33 mg/L). The abundances of sox and fccA/B genes involved in sulfur/sulfide oxidation processes significantly increased(p 0.05, LSD test) in low DO concentration conditions(DO: 0.09 mg/L) and then gradually decreased with continuously elevated DO levels. Their abundances coincided with the change of sulfate removal efficiencies and elemental sulfur(S0) conversion efficiencies in the bioreactor. In addition, the abundance of carbon degradation genes increased with the raising of DO levels, showing that the heterotrophic microorganisms(e.g., fermentative microorganisms) were thriving under micro-aerobic condition. This study provides new insights into the impacts of micro-aerobic conditions on the microbial functional structure of sulfatereducing sulfur-producing bioreactors, and revealed the potential linkage between functional microbial communities and reactor performance.     

嗅觉测定技术的进展与恶臭污染管理政策的改进

介绍了３种有关恶臭的测定方法及其发展趋向,即色谱质谱法（ＧＣ／ＭＣ）,电子算法和嗅觉测定法,目前世界上广泛采用以臭味浓度作为恶臭污染的控制指标,嗅觉测定法是广泛接受的臭味测定方法,本文就嗅觉测定法的定义,设备及其质量控制的方法作了详细的介绍,并比较了欧洲、美国、溴大利亚以及香港等地区当前对于恶臭污染的将嗅觉测定法进行标准化的进程。     

北京地区大气中可吸入颗粒物的污染现状分析

利用2002年7月—2003年6月可吸入颗粒物(PM10)20余站点的监测资料,分析获得了北京地区PM10的浓度水平和地域分布特征。分析表明:远郊区县城关镇与市区污染水平相当;西南部和南部较其他地区污染严重;北京地区背景浓度很高,是国家标准年浓度限值的75%。这一分析结果可为颗粒物污染的进一步研究提供基础信息和建议。      

抗生素与中药对大肠杆菌的联合抑菌作用及机理

为研究抗生素和中药对环境及生物体中菌群的联合毒性作用,以2种常用抗生素氨苄西林钠(ampicillin sodium,AMP)、盐酸四环素(tetracycline hydrochloride,TET)和1种中药提取物盐酸小檗碱(berberine chloride hydrate,BCH)为目标污染物,以大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli,E. coli)为指示生物,分别应用直接均分射线法和均匀设计射线法设计3个二元(AMP-BCH、AMP-TET、BCH-TET)及1个三元混合物体系(AMP-TET-BCH),共20条射线,采用以96孔微板为实验载体的时间微板毒性分析法(time-dependent microplate toxicity analysis method,t-MTA)对3种药物及其混合物体系的毒性进行系统测定.运用拟合归零法分析混合物毒性相互作用类型及强度,选取抑菌作用明显的代表性混合物射线进行暴露前后E. coli核酸溶出量以及电镜扫描分析.结果表明,AMP、TET、BCH及其混合物体系对E. coli的浓度效应曲线为“S”型且时间和浓度依赖抑菌性明显,仅...     

化学吸收法采集固定污染源氨气的影响因素探究

固定污染源氨气的手工监测,干扰因素较多,其中采样环节尤为关键。实验通过催化氧化-化学发光法考察不同采样管线材质对氨气的吸附效果,离子色谱法考察化学吸收法采集氨气的吸收瓶类型、采样流量、吸收液种类、吸收液浓度及体积等采样条件对氨气吸收效率的影响。实验表明,316 L不锈钢与聚四氟乙烯对氨气的吸附较小,氨气的采样流量不宜超过1.0 L/min,棕色气泡式吸收瓶更适用于氨气样品的采集,磷酸溶液作吸收液对氨气的吸收效率较好,对于低浓度的氨气样品,应采用低流量长时间采集。     

Biological removal of air loaded with a hydrogen sulfide and ammonia mixture

The nuisance impact of air pollutant emissions from wastewater pumping stations is a major issue of concern to China. Hydrogen sulfide and ammonia are commonly the primary odor and are important targets for removal. An alternative control technology, biofiltration, was studied. The aim of this study is to investigate the potential of unit systems packed with compost in terms of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide emissions treatment, and to establish optimal operating conditions for a full-scale conceptual design. The laboratory scale biofilter packed with compost was continuously supplied with hydrogen sulfide and ammonia gas mixtures. A volumetric load of less than 150 gH2S/(m^3.d) and 230 gNH3/(m^3.d) was applied for about fifteen weeks. Hydrogen sulfide and ammonia elimination occurred in the biofilter simultaneously. The removal efficiency, removal capacity and removal kinetics in the biofilter were studied. The hydrogen sulfide removal efficiency reached was very high above 99%, and ammonia removal efficiency was about 80%. Hydrogen sulfide was oxidized into sulphate. The ammonia oxidation products were nitrite and nitrate. Ammonia in the biofilter was mainly removed by adsorption onto the carrier material and by absorption into the water fraction of the carrier material. High percentages of hydrogen sulfide or ammonia were oxidized in the first section of the column. Through kinetics analysis, the presence of ammonia did not hinder the hydrogen sulfide removal. According to the relationship between pressure drop and gas velocity for the biofilter and Reynolds number, non-Darcy flow can be assumed to represent the flow in the medium.     

汽油机排气颗粒粒径分布特征试验研究

对汽油机排气中颗粒的数浓度和粒径分布特征进行了测试.在测试工况下,汽油机排气中的颗粒呈包含核模态粒子(10 nm＜DP＜50 nm)和积聚模态粒子(50 nm＜DP＜487 nm)的双峰分布,排气颗粒的总数和总质量浓度分别为4.2×105-7.9×106个·cm-3和0.02-0.27 mg·m-3.汽油机在开环控制状态下(车速不低于90 km·h-1时)的颗粒数量排放明显高于闭环控制状态(车速不高于70 km·h-1),总颗粒质量浓度随车速的增大显著增加.随车速增大,积聚模态粒子的平均粒径先减小后增大,核模态粒子的几何平均粒径先增大后减小,低车速时,有大量10-20 nm的核模态粒子生成.柴油机和汽油机排气颗粒中核模态粒子通常占有大的数量百分比,为75%-95%,而其质量百分比仅为5%-25%.汽油机的总颗粒、核模态粒子和积聚模态粒子的数量和质量排放均远低于柴油机.     

工业过程CO气体浓度检测技术

工业过程中在线对CO气体的分析测量,对钢铁冶金企业能源气回收、环保节能具有重要的作用。提出了近红外CO浓度检测系统,根据光谱吸收原理,采用双光束气体浓度检测技术。系统选用近红外光源和探测器,与传统的中红外波长工作器件相比,成本得以降低。