Removal of high concentrated ammonia nitrogen from landfill leachate by landfilled waste layer

The landfill of municipal solid waste(MSW) could be regarded as denitrification reactor and involved in ammonia nitrogen biological removal process. In this research, the process was applied to municipal solid waste collected in Shanghai, China, which was characterized by high food waste content. The NH4^ removal efficiency in the system of SBR nitrifying reactor followed by fresh and matured landfilled waste layer in series was studied. In the nitrifying reactor, above 90% of NH4^ in leachate was oxidized to NO2^- and NO3^- . Then high concentrated NO2^- and NO3^- were removed in the way of denitrification process in fresh landfilled waste layer. At the same time, degradation of fresh landfilled waste was accelerated. Up to the day 120, 136.5 gC/(kg dry waste) and 17.9 gN/(kg dry waste) were converted from waste layer. It accounted for 50.15 % and 86.89 % of the total carbon and nitrogen content of preliminary fresh waste, which was 4.42 times and 5.17 times higher than that of reference column respectively. After filtering through matured landfilled waste, BOD5 concentration in leachate dropped to below 100 mg/L, which would not affect following nitrification adversely. Because the matured landfilled waste acted as a well methanogenic reactor, 23% of carbon produced accumulatively from fresh landfilled waste degradation was converted into CH4.     

GHG emission reductions and costs to achieve Kyoto target

Emission projection and marginal abatement cost curves (MACs) are the central components of any assessment of future carbonmarket, such as CDM (clean development mechanism) potentials, carbon quota price etc. However, they are products of very complex,dynamic systems driven by forces like population growth, economic development, resource endowments, technology progress and so on. The modeling approaches for emission projection and MACs evaluation were summarized, and some major models and their results were compared.Accordingly, reduction and cost requirements to achieve the Kyoto target were estimated. It is concluded that Annex I Parties‘ total reduction requirements range from 503--1304 MtC with USA participation and decrease significantly to 140--612 MtC after USA‘ s withdrawal. Total costs vary from 21--77 BUSD with USA and from 5--36 BUSD without USA if only domestic reduction actions are taken. The costs would sharply reduce while considering the three flexible mechanisms defined in the Kyoto Protocol with domestic actions‘ share in the all mitigation strategies drons to only 0--16%.     

亚洲地区通过森林管理缓解二氧化碳排放的潜力

亚洲有相当数量的林地能够通过管理来保存和固定碳。这包括建立１．３３亿ｈｍ＾２人工林和农林复合系统，减缓３３５０万ｈｍ热带森林的砍伐和进行４８００万ｈｍ＾２的热带森林的自然和扶育更新。据保守估计，到２０５０年，这些土地保存和固定碳的潜力为２４ＰｇＣ，营造人工林和农林复合系统占亚洲地区森林碳放缓解潜力的５８％。假设现有状况不变，到２０５０年，所有林业部门的活动能够保牵碳量等于同期全球化石燃烧排放缓解潜     

有机液体固定顶罐储存的污染物排放与控制

以石油类储存为例，通过其在固定顶罐储存、装卸的呼吸排放和工作排放的计算分析，提出控制有机液体排放的工程技术措施和管理措施。     

电子束辐照工业烟气脱硫脱氮：治理大气污染的新技术

随着社会的进步和工业的发展,人类对煤、石油、天然气等矿物燃料的使用量不断增加,排放到大气中的硫氧化物和氮氧化物也大大增加,从而严重污染大气。消除大气污染的直接途径是,使用矿物很多、污染很严     

物化／两级好氧生化法处理皮革废水

广州市新星皮革厂污水处理站规模为200m^3／d，采用物化／两级好氧处理工艺，在进水CODCT为2500～3000mg／L。BOD5为1200～1500mg／L，SS为320～600mg／L，pH为6～10，Cr总≤52．7mg／L，Cr^6 ≤5．6mg/L色度约为240倍的条件下，处理后出水水质为CODCT≤80mg／L，BOD≤30mg／L，SS≤70mg/L，pH为6～9，Cr总≤1．2mg/L，Cr^6 ≤0.4mg／L，色度≤40倍。达到了《广州市污水排放标准》(DB44137-90)新扩改一级标准。     

区域性工业废水集中治理技术浅议

以绍兴污水处理厂为例,研究区域性工业废水的水量、水质特征,并对区域性工业废水的集中治理技术中的典型规模、排放标准、运行管理等进行了若干探讨.     

A/O和A2/O法除磷脱氮工艺影响因素及除磷动力学的研究

重点介绍A/O除磷工艺和A~2/O除磷脱氮工艺,以及影响除磷脱氮工艺因素和除磷动力学的研究。工艺研究采用了动态与静态实验方法,采用色质联机研究了有毒有机物的降解情况。试验结果表明,A/O、A~2/O工艺的BOD_5去除率近于二级污水处理厂,A~2/O法TP去除率近于三级污水处理厂,且去除难降解有毒有机物的效率高于传统的活性污泥法。动力学公式的修正使之更适于低碳源的情况。八种影响因素的研究为工艺的设计与运行提供了依据。     

泰国曼谷的机动力排放控制

本文对泰国尤其是曼谷的机动车排放控制管理做了简要介绍。泰国曼谷的空气污染主要来自机动车，为控制机动车排放污染，政府部门采取了一系列控制措施，包括改进燃油质量，控制新车排放标准，执行在用车检查与维修计划，加强交通管理，控制燃油蒸发排放等。这些措施对改善城市环境质量起到了至关重要的作用，其中的一些经验值得我们参考借鉴。