广州市城区站点冬季PM2.5时间变化及碳氮同位素组成特征

于2018年冬季在广州城区磨碟沙站点开展细颗粒物(PM_2.5)样品采集,并获得PM_2.5中水溶性离子、含碳组分、稳定碳氮同位素的组成及时间变化特征,重点讨论了PM_2.5浓度升高时段的化学组成特征变化,进而利用稳定碳氮同位素变化特征探究了主要污染来源。结果表明：采样期间,研究站点PM_2.5平均质量浓度为22.1μg/m³,共出现两个PM_2.5浓度水平升高时段,所对应的平均质量浓度分别达46.0μg/m³和63.0μg/m³。风速降低、温度升高等不利气象条件是导致上述时段PM_2.5浓度上升的重要原因。在上述时段,伴随着PM_2.5浓度的升高,NO^-₃和NH⁺₄浓度均出现显著升高,NO^-₃与SO^2-₄的摩...     

矿化垃圾床反应器厌氧甲烷氧化协同生物脱氮的研究

垃圾卫生填埋过程中逸散的甲烷与渗滤液处理过程中反硝化段不够彻底产生的硝酸盐对周围环境具有严重的威胁,反硝化厌氧甲烷氧化技术可实现甲烷与硝酸盐的同步去除,极具应用前景.本研究通过模拟垃圾填埋过程,以矿化垃圾作为垃圾填埋的覆土层与反硝化厌氧甲烷氧化微生物的接种源,建立了矿化垃圾床系统.结果表明,反应系统在140d的运行期间...     

Ni foam/Cu电极电催化还原硝酸盐氮

采用恒流电沉积法制备了泡沫镍/铜（Ni foam/Cu）电极.以Ni foam/Cu电极为阴极、Ti/RuO₂-Ir₂O₃电极为阳极构建电解体系,对水中硝酸盐氮进行电催化还原处理.并研究了电解质对总氮和氨氮去除率的影响和电极的稳定性.在一定范围内,增大电解质NaCl的浓度可以提高总氮和氨氮去除率.当NaCl浓度为0.5 g·L^-1时,在电解电流密度为8 mA·cm^-2的条件下对100 mg·L^-1 NO₃^--N溶液进行6次重复电解实验,2.5 h后硝酸盐氮去除率均可以达到94.5%以上.当NaCl浓度为1.25 g·L^-1时,在电解电流密度为8 mA·cm^-2的条件下对100 mg·L^-1 NO₃^--N溶液电解2.5 h,出水中氨氮浓度只有2.90 mg·L^-1,总氮去除率达到79....     

聚酰胺微塑料对大肠杆菌和脱氮副球菌的毒性

微塑料对环境微生物的毒性尚不清楚.本研究通过生长曲线测试、活性氧(ROS)生成、无机氮转化效率和塑料添加剂检测,探究了聚酰胺(PA)微塑料对典型环境微生物—大肠杆菌和脱氮副球菌生长的影响.PA微塑料对大肠杆菌的毒性与其浓度呈正相关,高浓度PA(100mg·L-1)微塑料对大肠杆菌和脱氮副球菌的生长均产生了显著抑制,胞内...     

主流条件下氮负荷对部分亚硝化活性污泥系统中NOB抑制及微生物群落结构的影响

部分亚硝化(PN)是厌氧氨氧化(ANAMMOX)获取亚硝酸盐(NO^-₂-N)作为基质的重要途径。然而,市政污水氨氮(NH⁺₄-N)浓度较低且波动频繁,导致难以实现稳定的PN。对此,通过缩短水力停留时间(HRT)的方式启动2个反应器,对比不同氮负荷(NLR)下,PN系统中氮素转化规律及微生物群落结构的变化。结果表明：在低氧环境下,R1的NLR从0.15 kg/(m³·d)提高至0.5 kg/(m³·d),氨氮转化率(ACR)从45%升高至65%,亚氮积累率(NAR)从0升高至95%,表明可以实现PN的快速启动,但是稳定运行60 d后PN出现失稳。然而,在高NLR[0.8～1.2 kg/(m³·d)]条件下,ACR和NAR最高分别可达到68%和85%,且能稳定运行,表明高NLR启动运行更易获得稳定有效的NOB抑制。微生物群落结构进一步表明,随着NLR的提高,R2中NOB的相对丰度远低于R1中NOB的相对丰度;同时,R2中NOB的优势菌逐渐...     

Responses of chlorophyll fluorescence and nitrogen level of Leymus chinensis seedling to changes of soil moisture and temperature

Controlled experiment of Leymus chinensis seedlings grown in the environmental growth chambers at 3 soil moisture levels and 3 temperature levels was conducted in order to improve the understanding how leaf photosynthetic parameters will respond to climatic change. The results indicated that soil drought and high temperature decreased the photochemical efficiency of photosystem ( Fw/Fm ), the overall photochemical quantum yield of PSIl(yield), the coefficient of photochemical fluorescence quenching(qp), but increased the coefficient of non-photochemical fluorescence quenching( q, ). Severe soil drought would decrease Fv/Fm and yield by 3.12% and 37.04% under 26% condition, respectively, and 6.60% and 73.33% under 32% condition, respectively,suggesting that higher temperature may enhance the negative effects of soil drought. All the soil drought treatments resulted in the decline in leaf nitrogen content. There was no significant effect of temperature on leaf nitrogen level,but higher temperature significantly reduced the root nitrogen content and the ratio of root nitrogen to leaf nitrogen,indicating the different strategies of adaptation to soil drought and temperature. It was also implied that higher temperature would enhance the effect of soil drought on leaf photosynthetic capacity, decrease the adaptability of Leymus chinensis to drought.     

Using a zeolite medium biofilter to remove organic pollutant and ammonia simultaneously

IntroductionWatershortageproblemisquiteseriousinmanycitiesofChina .Thereuseofmunicipalwastewaterisoneofthekeymethodstoreleasethisproblem .Makeupwaterforrecirculatingcoolingsystemisthelargestwaterusageinmanyfactories .Thewaterqualitystandardsforreclaimedwa…     

Effect of nitrogen and phosphorus on the water quality in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area during and after its construction

A survey concerning the concentration of the nutrients in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area was carried out. This paper presents the parameters(NO3^- -N, NO2^- -N, KjeldahI-N, non-ionic ammonia, P-PO4 and TP)determined at 16 sampling sites from 1997 to 1999. The dominant soluble nitrogen form was NO3^- -N followed by KjeldahI-N, NO2^- -N and non-ionic ammonia. Mean values of NO3^- -N, NO2^- -N, Kjeldahl-N and non-ionic ammonia ranged from 0.50 to 2.37 mg/L, 0.022 to 0.084 mg/L, 0.33 to 0.99 mg/L and 0.007 to 0.092 mg/L respectively.Mean values of P-PO4 at most sampling sites were higher than 0.1 mg/L for subject to eutrophication. The major factors influencing the concentrations of N and P might be agricultural runoff, municipal and industrial effluents. In addition, 6 kinds of soil were sampled at the area where would inundated after the dam completed. Two approaches were adopted to simulate the N and P release from the inundated soils. The results showed that the soils would release nitrogen and phosphorus to the overlying water when the soils were inundated. The characteristics of soil affected the equilibrium concentrations of N and P between the soil and the overlying water.     

城市污水生物脱氮除磷常规工艺分析

阐述了污水生物脱氮除磷的机理，系统介绍了国内目前常用的污水生物脱氮除磷工艺，对其进行了系统全面的比较分析。并探讨了当今国内的一些脱氮除磷主要研究方向。     

闽江河口短叶茳芏湿地CH4和N2 O排放对氮输入的短期响应

利用静态箱-气相色谱法,研究了氮输入对闽江河口短叶茳芏湿地CH4和N2O排放通量的短期影响.结果表明,高氮输入在不同采样时间均促进了湿地CH4排放,低氮输入在不同时间则具有不同的变化特征.与对照处理相比,低氮和高氮2种处理分别使湿地CH4排放通量增加了-44.35%～1 057.35%和7.15%～667.37%.外源氮输入在24 h内对湿地N2O排放通量具有明显的正激发效应,最高可增加171.60倍和177.79倍,但在8 d后,氮输入对湿地N2O排放的激发效应减弱甚至消失.氮输入在短时间内对湿地土壤Ec、pH和Eh均未产生显著影响.湿地CH4排放通量在对照处理下仅与5 cm Eh存在显著负相关,在低氮处理下仅与10 cm地温呈显著负相关,在高氮处理下则与5 cm Ec、0、5 cm pH以及0、5、10 cm土壤Eh均呈显著相关性,而N2O排放通量在不同处理下与湿地气温、地温、盐度、pH和Eh等环境因子均不存在显著相关性.研究表明,探讨氮输入对湿地温室气体排放的影响应考虑其时间变异性.