微电解接触氧化系统处理水源中2-氯酚研究

在微电解接触氧化系统中,研究了2-氯酚的降解特性和机理。在酸性溶液中,2-氯酚的降解效率比其在中性和碱性溶液的高。向其中加入活性炭,由于表面催化的作用使得2-氯酚更易降解。溶液中的溶解氧参与电极反应并促进2-氯酚的降解。降解产物有1,2-苯二酚、丙三醇、草酸和乙酸。通过对中间产物的分析,提出了2-氯酚可能的降解途径。     

ZnOOH/O3催化臭氧化体系去除水中痕量对氯硝基苯

以实验室制备的羟基化锌（ZnOOH）为催化剂,考察了其催化臭氧化去除水中痕量对氯硝基苯（ppCNB能力.本实验条件下,蒸馏水中反应20　min时,催化臭氧化比单独臭氧化对pCNB的去除率提高了51 .3个百分点;催化过程遵循自由基反应机理,催化剂表面结合的羟基基团有利于催化反应;pCNB的去除效果随催化剂投量的增加而更佳,催化剂重复使用3次后,催化效果基本没有变化,水中的重碳酸盐以及缓冲溶液中的磷酸盐可以明显降低催化活性,中性条件下,催化作用最佳.     

氯碱企业生产过程中的重大危害分析及对策

分析了氯碱企业生产过程中的重大危害为中毒和火灾爆炸,提出了相应的对策.     

"80后富二代"和他的 "黑豹野保站"(上)

当不少同龄人还沉迷在网游、酒吧中时,一位“80后富二代”却怀着泽被生灵的大爱之心,倾尽所有自建野生动物保护站。他长年肩扛探险装备,穿梭在荒野山林间,守护着野生动物,并用镜头记录下它们的美丽瞬间。他曾被猎枪顶住脑袋,也多次遭到森林野兽的袭击……虽几经生死,并花光了11年来所有的积蓄,却矢志不渝地坚守了下来。一位原本生活越优的富家小伙,缘何对“野保”事业情有独钟？他又有着怎样的传奇经历甲     

Visible light responsive N-F-codoped TiO2 photocatalysts for the degradation of 4-chlorophenol

Visible light responsive N-F-codoped TiO₂ photocatalysts exhibit a higher catalytic activity than N-doped TiO₂ for the degradation of 4-chlorophenol due to the synergistic effect of nonmetal elements.     

Mutagenic and cytotoxic potential of Endosulfan and Lambda-cyhalothrin - In vitro study describing individual and combined effects of pesticides

Excessive use of pesticides poses increased risks to non target species including humans. In the developing countries, lack of proper awareness about the toxic potential of pesticides makes the farmer more vulnerable to pesticide linked toxicities, which could lead to diverse pathological conditions. The toxic potential of a pesticide could be determined by their ability to induce genetic mutations and cytotoxicity. Hence, determination of genetic mutation and cytotoxicity of each pesticide is unavoidable to legislate health and safety appraisal about pesticides. The objective of current investigation was to determine the genotoxic and cytotoxic potential of Endosulfan（EN） and Lambda-cyhalothrin（LC）; individually and in combination. 3-（4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl）-2,5-Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide（MTT） assay was utilized to determine cytotoxicity, while two mutant histidine dependent Salmonella strains（TA98, TA100） were used to determine the mutagenicity of EN and LC.Moreover, mutagenicity assay was conducted with and without S9 to evaluate the effects of metabolic activation on mutagenicity. Even though a dose dependent increase in the number of revertant colonies was detected with EN against both bacterial strains, a highly significant（p 〈 0.05） increase in the mutagenicity was detected in TA98 with S9. In comparison, data obtained from LC revealed less mutagenic potential than EN. Surprisingly,the non-mutagenic individual-concentrations of EN and LC showed dose dependent mutagenicity when combined. Combination of EN and LC synergistically induced mutagenicity both in TA98 and TA100. MTT assay spotlighted comparable dose dependent cytotoxicity effects of both pesticides. Interestingly, the combination of EN and LC produced increased reversion and cytotoxicity at lower doses as compared to each pesticide, concluding that pesticide exposure even at sub-lethal doses can produce cytotoxicity and genetic mutations, which could lead to carcinogenicity.     

维生素B_(12)催化降解三氯乙烯的碳氯同位素分馏机理

挥发性氯代烃(volatile chlorinated hydrocarbons,VCHs)是地下水中一类重要的有机污染物,维生素B12是催化VCHs还原脱氯的高效催化剂。该文选取VCHs中典型的污染物三氯乙烯(TCE)作为研究对象,以Ti(Ⅲ)为电子供体,探索不同pH条件下,维生素B12催化TCE还原脱氯过程中碳、氯同位素分馏机理。反应溶液初始pH为7.5~9.0时,其表观一级动力学反应速率系数k值为0.06~0.15 h-1;碳同位素富集系数εC为-1.8‰~-2.4‰,氯同位素富集系数εCl均值为-1.5‰。这说明,pH增大,Ti(Ⅲ)还原势能增大,反应的速率提高;还原脱氯不同反应途径所占份额改变,碳、氯同位素分馏程度变化。碳、氯的单体同位素分析(CSIA)技术可以用来评价地下水氯代烃污染降解程度和效率,结合分析2种元素能够提高污染物修复评价的准确性,同位素富集系数的稳定性研究可为其不同环境条件下的精确评价提供理论依据。     

还原脱氯-生物联合降解2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸

采用Pd/Fe双金属对2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸(2,4-D)进行催化还原脱氯,以活性污泥对2,4-D脱氯产物进行生物氧化,考察初始pH、活性污泥量、污染物初始浓度、温度等因素对生物氧化的影响情况.通过PCR-变性梯度凝胶电泳分析污泥体系菌群变化情况,高效液相色谱测定来推测目标污染物的降解过程.结果表明:1 Pd/Fe双金属可有效还原2,4-D,其主要先还原为2-氯苯氧乙酸(2-CPA),最终顺序脱氯为苯氧乙酸(PA).2 2,4-D具有较大生物毒性,其脱氯产物毒性下降,更易被生物降解.3 pH=7、污泥量50 mL/200 mL、适量的初始PA浓度(14.6 mg·L-1)和30℃均有利于PA的去除.在该条件下反应96 h,PA去除率可达84.3%.     

4种典型溴代阻燃剂对离体条件下罗非鱼肝脏抗氧化系统影响的研究

以罗非鱼(Mossambica tilapia)为实验生物,研究了离体条件下其肝脏抗氧化系统中谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量、谷胱甘肽硫转移酶(GST)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性对4种溴代阻燃剂(Brominated flame retardants,BFRs)——四溴联苯醚(BDE-47)、十溴联苯醚(BDE-209)、六溴环十二烷(HBCD)和四溴双酚A(TBBPA)的响应.研究结果表明:离体暴露于4种BFRs 1 h后,罗非鱼肝脏上清液中GSH含量和SOD活性随暴露剂量升高均呈现先升高后回落的趋势,但总体均高于对照组水平;GST活性则被抑制.上述3种抗氧化参数中,同一参数对4种BFRs响应均呈现一致的变化趋势,其中GST和SOD活性响应更为灵敏.GST活性对BDE-47、BDE-209和HBCD的最低响应浓度均低于1 ng·L-1,且与TBBPA和BDE-209在一定浓度范围内存在较好的剂量-效应关系;SOD活性对4种BFRs暴露较为敏感,最低响应浓度均低于10 ng·L-1,并且与除BDE-209外的上述3种污染物在一定的浓度范围内具有良好的剂量-效应关系.因此,GST和SOD活性指标是值得进一步研究的溴代阻燃剂污染候选生物标志物.     

我国规划建12条治霾跨区送电通道

日前,国家电网公司推行“以电代煤、以电代油、电从远方来”．我国将规划建设12条治霾跨区送电通道．让雾霾频发的东中部地区少燃煤多用“远方来的电”、国网公司将负责建设运营其中11条输电通道,