三丁基锡生殖毒性的研究进展

有机锡化合物,特别是三丁基锡,广泛存在于环境中,对生物体以及生态环境存在着潜在的威胁。本文综述了三丁基锡对软体动物、鱼类和哺乳动物生殖机能的影响及其其可能的作用机制,指出了进一步的研究方向。     

Formation pathways of brominated products from benzophenone-4 chlorination in the presence of bromide ions

The brominated products, formed in chlorination treatment of benzophenone-4 in the presence of bromide ions, were identified, and the formation pathways were proposed.Under disinfection conditions, benzophenone-4 would undertake electrophilic substitution generating mono- or di-halogenated products, which would be oxidized to esters and further hydrolyzed to phenol derivatives. The generated catechol intermediate would be transformed into furan-like heterocyclic product. The product species were p H-dependent,while benzophenone-4 elimination was chlorine dose-dependent. When the chlorination treatment was performed on ambient water spiked with benzophenone-4 and bromide ions, most of brominated byproducts could be detected, and the acute toxicity significantly increased as well.     

Efficient dechlorination of chlorinated solvent pollutants under UV irradiation by using the synthesized TiO2 nano-sheets in aqueous phase

Titanium dioxide(TiO2), which is the widely used photo-catalyst, has been synthesized by simple hydrothermal solution containing tetrabutyl titanate and hydrofluoric acid. The synthesized product has been applied to photo-degradation in aqueous phase of chlorinated solvents, namely tetrachloroethene(PCE), trichloroethene(TCE) and 1,1,1-trichloroethane(TCA). The photo-degradation results revealed that the degradation of these harmful chemicals was better in UV/synthesized TiO2 system compared to UV/commercial P25 system and UV only system. The photo-catalytic efficiency of the synthesized TiO2 was 1.4, 1.8 and 3.0 folds higher compared to the commercial P25 for TCA, TCE and PCE degradation, respectively. Moreover, using nitrobenzene(NB) as a probe of hydroxyl radical(.OH), the degradation rate was better over UV/synthesized TiO2, suggesting the high concentration of.OH generated in UV/synthesized TiO2system. In addition,.OH concentration was confirmed by the strong peak displayed in EPR analysis over UV/synthesized TiO2system. The characterization result using XRD and TEM showed that the synthesized TiO2 was in anatase form and consisted of well-defined sheet-shaped structures having a rectangular outline with a thickness of 4 nm, side length of 50 nm and width of 33 nm and a surface 90.3 m2/g. XPS analysis revealed that ≡Ti-F bond was formed on the surface of the synthesized TiO2. The above results on both photocatalytic activity and the surface analysis demonstrated the good applicability of the synthesized TiO2 nano-sheets for the remediation of chlorinated solvent contaminated groundwater.     

水库水氯化消毒副产物毒性研究

为了证实水库出水的氯化消毒副产物CHClBr2和CHBr3具有一定的遗传毒性,将水库出水进行浓缩富集研究其对小鼠脾脏淋巴细胞DNA的影响。同时分别与水库枯水期和丰水期出水的小鼠彗星实验结果进行了对比,发现氯化消毒副产物CHClBr2和CHBr3的DNA损伤效应同时高于两个水期的出厂水。     

以第三方治理为方向加快推进环境治理机制改革

上海作为一个特大型城市,人口集聚、产业集中,污染排放总量大,推进环境污染第三方治理有利于加快提升城市治污水平、推动环保产业发展和促进环境管理转型。但现阶段,第三方治理面临着推动依法合规治理的外部压力不足、内生动力不足、市场环境不够规范、缺乏有实力的参与主体等问题。坚持发挥市场机制作用与加快政府职能转变相结合,坚持强化约束机制与完善政策引导相结合,坚持市场培育与规范管理相结合,完善排污者负责、第三方治理、政府监管、社会监督、排污者和第三方治理企业通过经济合同相互制约的市场运行机制,是加快推进环境治理机制改革和不断提升环境治理水平的重要方向。     

宜昌市三级监测站标准化建设现状分析及对策研究

标准化站建设是提升环境监测站能力水平的重要途径和抓手,为促进宜昌市三级站的整体达标验收,该研究分析了辖区三级监测站标准化建设存在的主要共性问题为：在岗人员数量少和人才流失严重、经费保障和监测用房面积不足、监测项目偏少、管理体系不健全,并结合实际提出了加强人才队伍建设、拓宽监测经费来源、提高监测分析能力和强化质量管理等对策建议.     

Ce3+与Cu2+协同强化芬顿体系氧化苯酚的效能与机制研究

研究了Ce~(3+)与Cu~(2+)协同强化芬顿体系在不同初始条件下对水中苯酚的氧化效能与机制.结果表明,在p H适用范围的宽度和H_2O_2浓度变化方面,Ce~(3+)/Cu~(2+)/Fe~(2+)/H_2O_2体系比传统的芬顿体系更具有优势,该体系在p H=5.0、H_2O_2浓度为2.0mmol·L-1的条件下,仍可以对苯酚保持相对较高的氧化效能;Cu~(2+)可能会借助反应过程中的中间产物(醌类物质)生成Cu+,Cu+催化H_2O_2分解生成·OH,Ce~(3+)可能促进体系内醌类物质的形成,加快Fe~(3+)与Fe~(2+)的循环效能,在一定程度上提高了芬顿体系中H_2O_2分解生成·OH的速率,说明Cu~(2+)与Ce~(3+)对芬顿体系的强化作用具有协同性;自由基终止剂依然可以抑制Ce~(3+)、Cu~(2+)强化的芬顿体系对苯酚的降解,由此说明体系中起到氧化作用的活性物种仍然是羟基自由基(·OH).     

Fe3O4/TiO2-H2O2非均相类Fenton体系对3，4-二氯三氟甲苯的降解

用Fe_3O_4/Ti O_2-H_2O_2体系对3,4-二氯三氟甲苯(3,4-DCBTE)进行降解反应研究,同时考察了pH值、催化剂投加量、H_2O_2投加量、温度等因素对3,4-DCBTE降解效率的影响.实验结果表明,Fe_3O_4/Ti O_2-H_2O_2非均相类Fenton体系对3,4-二氯三氟甲苯的处理效果极佳;并且在H_2O_2投加量为45.0 mg·L~(-1)、Fe_3O_4/TiO_2的物质的量比为1∶1、pH=3.0、温度为40.0℃的条件下反应效果最佳,去除率高达99.1%.同时从实验结果可以看出,pH在2.0~7.0范围内该体系对3,4-二氯三氟甲苯均有降解效果,说明该体系相比于传统的Fenton体系有较宽的pH适用范围.目标污染物的降解符合一级反应动力学,其发生反应所需的活化能为36.9 k J·mol~(-1).     

从"有"到"优"的应急预案——中国石油天然气股份有限公司管道分公司预案优化

长输油气管道用于输送易燃易爆物质,一般埋在地下,具有点多、线长、面广的特点,地形复杂、环境多变,容易受到管体腐蚀、自然灾害以及第三方等外部环境影响,一旦发生事故危害性极大。     

今年“安全生产月”全省集中开展五大活动

5月29日下午,省安委会办公室、省应急管理厅召开新闻发布会,通报我省安全生产专项整治三年行动和今年“安全生产月”活动有关情况。经习近平总书记批准,国务院安委会决定在全国开展安全生产专项整治三年行动。我省迅速响应,将于近日正式印发全省专项整治三年行动工作方案。我省专项整治三年行动的总体框架为“1+2+10”,“1”是工作方案,“2”是学习宣传贯彻习总书记关于安全生产重要论述、落实企业安全生产主体责任2个专题实施方案。