植物油厂废水处理技术与实践

通过国内某植物油厂废水处理工程实例表明,废水按高低浓度分流处理,采取隔油—厌氧消化—化学混凝—耗氧生化处理工艺,能稳定达到国家要求的排放标准,同时降低工程投资和运行费用。     

提高A/O法处理生活污水脱氮效率探究

将A/O(厌氧/好氧)法处理生活污水设施的好氧生物滤池出口的硝化液回流到厌氧生物滤池进行反硝化生物脱氮,经过生产运行的实践证明:改进后的出水水质稳定,TN(总氮)去除率由原来的13.2%提高到54.6%,同时COD、BOD5、SS的去除率也分别由原来的83%、92.1%、89.2%提高到85.5%、95.2%、90%,且设施改进投资及运行费用省,对提高污水脱氮效果有应用价值。     

Rapid treatment of atrazine-contaminated water by nickel/iron bimetallic system

The utility of nickel/iron in the remediation of atraz.ine-contaminated water was investigated. The experimental results showed that nickel/iron had effective catalytic activity in dechlorinating atraz.ine under acidic conditions. The dechlonnation reaction approximately followed the first-order kinetics under the experimental conditions( nickel/iron: 1.0 g/250 ml: Ca~r~ = 20.0 mg/L), the reaction rate increased with decreasing pH value of the reaction solution and increasing the proportion of Ni: Fe within 2.95 %. For condition with 2.95% nickel/iron, the reaction rate constants were 0.07518( R = 0.9927), 0.06212( R = 0.9846) and 0.00131 min^-1 ( R = 0.9.565) at pH = 2.0, 3.0 and 4.0, respectively. HPLC analysis was used to monitor the decline of atraz.ine concentration.     

物化／两级好氧生化法处理皮革废水

广州市新星皮革厂污水处理站规模为200m^3／d，采用物化／两级好氧处理工艺，在进水CODCT为2500～3000mg／L。BOD5为1200～1500mg／L，SS为320～600mg／L，pH为6～10，Cr总≤52．7mg／L，Cr^6 ≤5．6mg/L色度约为240倍的条件下，处理后出水水质为CODCT≤80mg／L，BOD≤30mg／L，SS≤70mg/L，pH为6～9，Cr总≤1．2mg/L，Cr^6 ≤0.4mg／L，色度≤40倍。达到了《广州市污水排放标准》(DB44137-90)新扩改一级标准。     

活性污泥数学模型中异养菌产率系数的测定研究

利用活性污泥数学模型预测污水生物处理系统,首先必须确定其参数和水质组分。采用间歇活性污泥法和呼吸计量法对活性污泥数学模型中异养菌产率系数γ_H进行测定研究。结果表明,间歇活性污泥法测定结果重现性较差,试验控制条件比较严格;呼吸计量法测定结果准确性较高,重现性良好,因而,呼吸计量法是比较可行的γ_H测定方法。     

Lead adsorption capacities of different components in natural surface coatings

Pb adsorption capacities of Fe oxide, Mn oxide and organic materials in natural surface coatings (biofilms and associated minerals) collected in three lakes, two ponds and a river in Jilin Province, China and Cayuga Lake in US were studied. A novel extraction technique was employed to remove one or more component(s) from the surface coatings. Pb adsorption to surface coatings before and after extraction was performed to determine the adsorptive properties of the extracted component(s). The statistical analysis of observed Pb adsorption was carried out using nonlinear least squares fitting (NLSF) to estimate the Pb adsorption capacity of each component of surface coatings. For each body of water, the estimated Pb adsorption capacity of Mn oxide( mol Pb/mol Mn) was significantly higher than that of Fe oxide( mol Pb/ mol Fe). The value of estimated adsorption capacities of organic materials with the unit mol Pb per kg COD was similar to or less than that of Fe oxides with the unit mol Pb per mol Fe. Comparison of components of surface coatings in different waters showed that the estimated Pb adsorption capacities of components in surface coatings developed in different natural waters were different,especially for Mn oxides.     

厌氧-好氧活性污泥法处理高浓度甲醇废水

介绍了厌氧一好氧活性污泥法处理电管厂高浓度甲醇废水的动态试验结果。试验结果表明：该方法处理高浓度甲醇废水,可以克服甲醇废水厌氧处理容易酸化的问题．运行稳定．抗负荷冲击性强．处理效果良好。     

复合式好氧生物法处理印染废水

采用将传统活性污泥法与生物膜工艺结合形成的复合式好氧生物工艺进行印染废水处理试验研究 ,取得了较好的处理效果 ,对COD去除率平均达到 6 7%以上 ,脱色率平均也达到 38%左右。在对好氧生物处理的控制中 ,DO是一个重要参数 ,从经济和处理效果考虑 ,控制在 1 5～ 2 0mg L较为合理。     

Catalytic dechlorinafion of o-chlorophenol by nanoscale Pd／Fe

Transformation of chlorophenols by nanoscale bimetallic particles represents one of the latest innovative technologies for environmental remediation. Nanoscale Pd/Fe bimetallic particles were synthesized in the laboratory for treatment of o-chlorophenol. Most of the nanoscale particles are in the size range of 20-100 nm. BET specific surface area of the nanoscale Pd/Fe particles is 12.4 m2/g. In comparison, a commercially available Fe powder( < 100 mesh) has a specific surface area of just 0.49 m2/g. Batch experiments demonstrated that the nanoscale Pd/Fe bimetallic particles can effectively dechlorinate o-chlorophenol. Dechlorination efficiency is affected by the mass fraction of Pd in the bimetal, nanoscale Pd/Fe mass concentration and mixing intensity.     

三种磺酰脲类除草剂在土壤中的降解及吸附特性

采用室内模拟试验方法,研究了氟胺磺隆、氯吡嘧磺隆和磺酰磺隆3种磺酰脲类除草剂在5种不同种类土壤(江西红壤、太湖水稻土、东北黑土、南京黄棕壤、陕西潮土)中的降解及吸附特性.结果表明,这3种磺酰脲类除草剂在这5种不同土壤中的降解速率均比较快,且降解过程均遵循一级动力学方程,土壤pH值是影响土壤降解速率的主要因素.3种磺酰脲类除草剂在土壤中的吸附均符合Frendlich模型,且具有较低的吸附容量.3种磺酰脲类除草剂在不同土壤中的吸附自由能变化均小于40kJ.mol-1,吸附主要以物理吸附为主,吸附常数随土壤pH值的增大而逐渐减小.