Dry deposition of PM10 over the Yellow Sea during Asian dust events from 2001 to 2007

Dry deposition velocities and fluxes of PM10during Asian dust events over the Yellow Sea from 2001 to 2007 were investigated using observation data in Qingdao, China and Jeju, Korea. The dry deposition velocities of PM10 during dust events over the Yellow Sea ranged from 0.19 to 8.17 cm/sec, with an average of 3.38 cm/sec. Dry deposition fluxes of PM10during dust events over the Yellow Sea were in the range of 68.5–2647.1 mg/(m2·day), with an average of 545.4 mg/(m2·day), which is 2–10 times higher than those reported by other studies for both dust and non-dust periods. It was estimated that 2.6 × 1011–48.7 × 1011g dust particles deposit to the Yellow Sea during dust events through dry deposition every year. Compared with the results in previous studies, it was found that the dry deposition of PM10over the Yellow Sea during dust events in the years with high frequency of dust could account for a large or overwhelming fraction of the annual total dry deposition. Backward air mass trajectory analysis showed that dust events influenced Jeju mainly originated from the desert regions located in Mongolia and Inner Mongolia, China. There were 119 backward trajectories influenced both Qingdao and Jeju during 15 dust events from 2001 to 2007, accounting for 61.3% of the total trajectories of 194, indicating that Qingdao and Jeju were usually on the same pathway of dust transport downwind from source areas.     

三维花状结构α-FeOOH协同H2O2可见光催化降解双氯芬酸钠

采用油浴回流法,在常压回流反应条件下批量制备出三维花状结构的α-Fe OOH纳米材料,并利用XRD、FT-IR和SEM等仪器对其进行分析表征;以双氯芬酸钠为目标污染物,考察三维花状结构α-Fe OOH纳米材料,在模拟太阳光照射下,催化H2O2降解有机污染物的性能.结果表明,三维花状结构α-Fe OOH由纳米棒自组装形成,纳米棒的长度约400~500 nm,直径约40~60 nm.以模拟可见光为光源,三维花状结构α-Fe OOH与H2O2构成光助异相类Fenton体系,对双氯芬酸钠有良好的光催化降解效果,在90 min内对初始浓度为30 mg·L-1的双氯芬酸钠降解去除率达到99%以上,催化降解反应以羟基自由基氧化反应为主.     

硫氮沉降下西北荒漠煤矿区周边土壤性质的变化特点

近年来中国大部分区域大气硫、氮沉降速率趋于平稳甚至下降,但西北地区煤炭行业的快速发展使得硫、氮沉降速率加快.燃煤电厂作为酸前体物的主要排放源之一,在其周围开展硫、氮沉降效应研究,可为合理评价煤矿区大气污染物控制措施的实施效果提供数据支撑.该文以宁东能源化工基地3个燃煤电厂为采样点,研究了电厂周围土壤化学和生物学性质的变...     

接种白腐菌堆肥修复五氯酚污染的土壤

采用4组堆肥装置A、B、C、D,分别往五氯酚污染土壤中不加外来菌、加入固定化黄孢原毛平革菌(Phanerochaete chrysosporium)、加入游离黄孢原毛平革菌及暴露在空气中不做任何处理.对其进行对比研究,探讨了利用堆肥的方法对五氯酚污染土壤进行生物修复的可行性.结果说明,添加黄孢原毛平革菌进行堆肥修复其效果要好于不加菌的效果,经过60d的堆肥,PCP基本得到降解,降解率都达到了94%以上,其中固定化菌又优于游离菌,固定化菌在第9d对PCP的降解率就达到了50%.此外,通过分析种子发芽率,有机质,微生物量碳等多项指标可以看出各组堆肥的腐熟情况都比较理想,为黄孢原毛平革菌降解五氯酚的过程提供了良好的外部环境,使土壤修复与堆肥能较好地结合起来.     

水溶性压制去污剂对放射性污染模拟粉尘吸附沉降效果的试验研究

以粒径分别小于74、223、780μm的粉尘作为放射性污染替代物,利用自行设计加工的试验设备,检测了水溶性压制去污剂对封闭空间内粉尘的吸附沉降效果,并与清水在同等条件下对粉尘的作用效果进行对比分析。试验结果表明,相同条件下,压制去污剂对3种粒径粉尘的吸附沉降效果均比清水好,增大喷洒压力可以进一步提高吸附沉淀效果。     

碳酸盐体系天然水体多指标酸化模型

本文以碳酸盐体系为基础提出适于区域环境水体酸化敏感性多指标评价模型,利用该模型结合各评价指标的标准化体系可进行大尺度范围水体酸化敏感性评价。     

光催化降解法处理含氯废水

以半导体催化剂对亚甲基蓝做目标物在紫外光照射下的降解进行了研究;考察了有关因素对降解效果的影响.结果表明,在pH为9～11有较好的降解效果,催化剂的浓度和溶液的初始浓度也对COD的去除率和亚甲基蓝的光解率有影响.     

臭氧消毒现状与发展

阐述了臭氧消毒灭菌的基本原理、臭氧制备、消毒工艺流程以及国内外应用概况，探讨了给水采用臭氧消毒存在的主要问题及改进方向。指出臭氧消毒法有可能取代传统的氯化消毒法，尤其在给水工艺中具有广阔的应用前景。     

氟氯烃及其替代工质对环境的影响

氟氯烃及其替代工质对环境的影响＊随着制冷工业的迅速发展,在制冷设备的生产及使用过程中泄漏的氟氯烃类（ＣＦＣｓ）致冷剂,挥发而进入大气中,导致大气臭氧层的破坏,并加重了温室效应。１９９０年,在伦敦召开的蒙特利尔议定书缔约国第二次会议上,提出了在更短时间...