ZnOOH/O3催化臭氧化体系去除水中痕量对氯硝基苯

以实验室制备的羟基化锌（ZnOOH）为催化剂,考察了其催化臭氧化去除水中痕量对氯硝基苯（ppCNB能力.本实验条件下,蒸馏水中反应20　min时,催化臭氧化比单独臭氧化对pCNB的去除率提高了51 .3个百分点;催化过程遵循自由基反应机理,催化剂表面结合的羟基基团有利于催化反应;pCNB的去除效果随催化剂投量的增加而更佳,催化剂重复使用3次后,催化效果基本没有变化,水中的重碳酸盐以及缓冲溶液中的磷酸盐可以明显降低催化活性,中性条件下,催化作用最佳.     

氯碱企业生产过程中的重大危害分析及对策

分析了氯碱企业生产过程中的重大危害为中毒和火灾爆炸,提出了相应的对策.     

Visible light responsive N-F-codoped TiO2 photocatalysts for the degradation of 4-chlorophenol

Visible light responsive N-F-codoped TiO₂ photocatalysts exhibit a higher catalytic activity than N-doped TiO₂ for the degradation of 4-chlorophenol due to the synergistic effect of nonmetal elements.     

紫外线与消毒剂联合作用于黄浦江源水的研究

针对黄浦江源水砂滤出水,进行了紫外线单独作用的研究,同时对于紫外线与消毒剂联合消毒时消毒剂的投加方式对灭菌作用和消毒副产物的影响进行了研究。实验结果表明:当紫外线剂量达到42 mJ/cm2时出水水质已达到了生活饮用水卫生标准中对细菌总数和大肠杆菌数的要求,且在相同紫外剂量下,高强度时对细菌的灭活效果要好于低强度时的效果;先紫外消毒后消毒剂消毒对于微生物具有很好的杀灭作用,但是不能减少消毒副产物的产生;紫外线和消毒剂同时作用对于微生物的杀灭作用不佳,但是出水的消毒剂余量高,消毒副产物量少,这样有利于出水的安全稳定性;先消毒剂消毒再紫外消毒,发现对于消毒副产物没有多大的降解作用,更浪费了高的紫外剂量。     

Effects of metal and acidic sites on the reaction by-products of butyl acetate oxidation over palladium-based catalysts

Catalytic oxidation is widely used in pollution control technology to remove volatile organic compounds. In this study, Pd/ZSM-5 catalysts with different Pd contents and acidic sites were prepared via the impregnation method. All the catalysts were characterized by means of N2 adsorption- desorption, X-ray fluorescence （XRF）, HE temperature programmed reduction （H2-TPR）, and NH3 temperature programmed desorption （NH3-TPD）. Their catalytic performance was investigated in the oxidation of butyl acetate experiments. The by-products of the reaction were collected in thermal desorption tubes and identified by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. It was found that the increase of Pd content slightly changed the catalytic activity of butyl acetate oxidation according to the yield of CO2 achieved at 90%, but decreased the cracking by-products, whereas the enhancement of strong acidity over Pd-based catalysts enriched the by-product species. The butyl acetate oxidation process involves a series of reaction steps including protolysis, dehydrogenation, dehydration, cracking, and isomerization. Generally, butyl acetate was cracked to acetic acid and 2- methylpropene and the latter was an intermediate of the other by-products, and the oxidation routes of typical by-products were proposed. Trace amounts of 3-methylpentane, hexane, 2-methylpentane, pentane, and 2-methylbutane originated from iso4merization and protolysis reactions.     

Formation pathways of brominated products from benzophenone-4 chlorination in the presence of bromide ions

The brominated products, formed in chlorination treatment of benzophenone-4 in the presence of bromide ions, were identified, and the formation pathways were proposed.Under disinfection conditions, benzophenone-4 would undertake electrophilic substitution generating mono- or di-halogenated products, which would be oxidized to esters and further hydrolyzed to phenol derivatives. The generated catechol intermediate would be transformed into furan-like heterocyclic product. The product species were p H-dependent,while benzophenone-4 elimination was chlorine dose-dependent. When the chlorination treatment was performed on ambient water spiked with benzophenone-4 and bromide ions, most of brominated byproducts could be detected, and the acute toxicity significantly increased as well.     

Mutagenic and cytotoxic potential of Endosulfan and Lambda-cyhalothrin - In vitro study describing individual and combined effects of pesticides

Excessive use of pesticides poses increased risks to non target species including humans. In the developing countries, lack of proper awareness about the toxic potential of pesticides makes the farmer more vulnerable to pesticide linked toxicities, which could lead to diverse pathological conditions. The toxic potential of a pesticide could be determined by their ability to induce genetic mutations and cytotoxicity. Hence, determination of genetic mutation and cytotoxicity of each pesticide is unavoidable to legislate health and safety appraisal about pesticides. The objective of current investigation was to determine the genotoxic and cytotoxic potential of Endosulfan（EN） and Lambda-cyhalothrin（LC）; individually and in combination. 3-（4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl）-2,5-Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide（MTT） assay was utilized to determine cytotoxicity, while two mutant histidine dependent Salmonella strains（TA98, TA100） were used to determine the mutagenicity of EN and LC.Moreover, mutagenicity assay was conducted with and without S9 to evaluate the effects of metabolic activation on mutagenicity. Even though a dose dependent increase in the number of revertant colonies was detected with EN against both bacterial strains, a highly significant（p 〈 0.05） increase in the mutagenicity was detected in TA98 with S9. In comparison, data obtained from LC revealed less mutagenic potential than EN. Surprisingly,the non-mutagenic individual-concentrations of EN and LC showed dose dependent mutagenicity when combined. Combination of EN and LC synergistically induced mutagenicity both in TA98 and TA100. MTT assay spotlighted comparable dose dependent cytotoxicity effects of both pesticides. Interestingly, the combination of EN and LC produced increased reversion and cytotoxicity at lower doses as compared to each pesticide, concluding that pesticide exposure even at sub-lethal doses can produce cytotoxicity and genetic mutations, which could lead to carcinogenicity.     

维生素B_(12)催化降解三氯乙烯的碳氯同位素分馏机理

挥发性氯代烃(volatile chlorinated hydrocarbons,VCHs)是地下水中一类重要的有机污染物,维生素B12是催化VCHs还原脱氯的高效催化剂。该文选取VCHs中典型的污染物三氯乙烯(TCE)作为研究对象,以Ti(Ⅲ)为电子供体,探索不同pH条件下,维生素B12催化TCE还原脱氯过程中碳、氯同位素分馏机理。反应溶液初始pH为7.5~9.0时,其表观一级动力学反应速率系数k值为0.06~0.15 h-1;碳同位素富集系数εC为-1.8‰~-2.4‰,氯同位素富集系数εCl均值为-1.5‰。这说明,pH增大,Ti(Ⅲ)还原势能增大,反应的速率提高;还原脱氯不同反应途径所占份额改变,碳、氯同位素分馏程度变化。碳、氯的单体同位素分析(CSIA)技术可以用来评价地下水氯代烃污染降解程度和效率,结合分析2种元素能够提高污染物修复评价的准确性,同位素富集系数的稳定性研究可为其不同环境条件下的精确评价提供理论依据。     

水库水氯化消毒副产物毒性研究

为了证实水库出水的氯化消毒副产物CHClBr2和CHBr3具有一定的遗传毒性,将水库出水进行浓缩富集研究其对小鼠脾脏淋巴细胞DNA的影响。同时分别与水库枯水期和丰水期出水的小鼠彗星实验结果进行了对比,发现氯化消毒副产物CHClBr2和CHBr3的DNA损伤效应同时高于两个水期的出厂水。     

再生水中5种抗生素抗性菌的紫外线灭活及复活特性研究

抗生素抗性菌作为再生水中的新兴污染物而受到广泛关注.为探明紫外线对抗生素抗性菌的灭活和消毒后抗性菌的复活潜能,研究了以城市污水为水源的再生水(简称"再生水")中青霉素抗性菌、氨苄青霉素抗性菌、头孢氨苄抗性菌、氯霉素抗性菌和利福平抗性菌的紫外线灭活特性,并考察了再生水中的抗生素抗性菌在黑暗条件下的复活潜能.结果表明,20mJ·cm-2紫外线消毒剂量下,实际再生水中青霉素抗性菌、氨苄青霉素抗性菌、头孢氨苄抗性菌和氯霉素抗性菌的灭活率均高于4-log,与总异养菌群灭活率相当,而利福平抗性菌的灭活率(3.7-log)略低于总异养菌群.紫外线消毒后,再生水静置22 h后,抗生素抗性菌普遍出现复活现象,当紫外线消毒剂量为常规剂量20 mJ·cm-2时,消毒后再生水中的抗生素抗性菌菌落形成能力高达3-log.因此,常规的紫外线消毒剂量不能有效控制再生水储存或运输过程中抗生素抗性菌的复活.