氯片及氯片消毒器

本文介绍了适合医院污水治理的新方法,此方法简单、易管理、投资少,为大批小型医院的污水消毒提供了理想的设备和消毒剂。     

等速电泳法测定水中Cl^—,NO2^—,I^—含量

等速电泳是利用电化学进行分离和分析的新技术。1985年.J.Vacik报道了井水和废水中 Cl~-、NO_3~-、SO_4~(2-)的测定。J.C.Reijenga报道了重水中金属离子的测定。本文对前导电介质、尾随电介质、仪器参数等方面作了探     

用氯解和水热技术脱除Assam煤的硫

本文报导了利用氯解和水热技术,对含硫量为2.8%、3.23%和5.5%的 Assam 煤样脱硫研究的结果。在无水情况下完成氯解,继之用水在80℃下水解2小时,结果引起少量有机硫的脱除。改性机理解释了水在氯解过程中的作用。此外,还提出了在水热处理过程中有机硫脱除的机理。     

Mutagenic and cytotoxic potential of Endosulfan and Lambda-cyhalothrin - In vitro study describing individual and combined effects of pesticides

Excessive use of pesticides poses increased risks to non target species including humans. In the developing countries, lack of proper awareness about the toxic potential of pesticides makes the farmer more vulnerable to pesticide linked toxicities, which could lead to diverse pathological conditions. The toxic potential of a pesticide could be determined by their ability to induce genetic mutations and cytotoxicity. Hence, determination of genetic mutation and cytotoxicity of each pesticide is unavoidable to legislate health and safety appraisal about pesticides. The objective of current investigation was to determine the genotoxic and cytotoxic potential of Endosulfan（EN） and Lambda-cyhalothrin（LC）; individually and in combination. 3-（4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl）-2,5-Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide（MTT） assay was utilized to determine cytotoxicity, while two mutant histidine dependent Salmonella strains（TA98, TA100） were used to determine the mutagenicity of EN and LC.Moreover, mutagenicity assay was conducted with and without S9 to evaluate the effects of metabolic activation on mutagenicity. Even though a dose dependent increase in the number of revertant colonies was detected with EN against both bacterial strains, a highly significant（p 〈 0.05） increase in the mutagenicity was detected in TA98 with S9. In comparison, data obtained from LC revealed less mutagenic potential than EN. Surprisingly,the non-mutagenic individual-concentrations of EN and LC showed dose dependent mutagenicity when combined. Combination of EN and LC synergistically induced mutagenicity both in TA98 and TA100. MTT assay spotlighted comparable dose dependent cytotoxicity effects of both pesticides. Interestingly, the combination of EN and LC produced increased reversion and cytotoxicity at lower doses as compared to each pesticide, concluding that pesticide exposure even at sub-lethal doses can produce cytotoxicity and genetic mutations, which could lead to carcinogenicity.     

Pd/g-C3N4对水中2,4-二氯酚的催化加氢脱氯研究

分别采用光沉积法和浸渍法制备了载钯石墨相氮化碳催化剂(Pd/g-C3N4-PD和Pd/g-C3N4-IMP),并对其进行了电感耦合等离子体发射光谱(ICP-AES)、X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电镜(TEM)和Zeta电位的表征.结果表明,不同载钯量Pd/g-C3N4-PD的等电点均在pH 2.3左右;Pd/g-C3N4-PD表面Pd粒子分散均匀,且Pd粒径小于Pd/g-C3N4-IMP.分别将Pd/g-C3N4-PD和Pd/g-C3N4-IMP用于2,4-二氯酚的催化加氢脱氯研究,Pd/g-C3N4-PD的催化脱氯效果明显优于Pd/g-C3N4-IMP.低pH值利于2,4-二氯酚的催化加氢脱氯过程,但不利于保持催化剂的稳定性.     

超声波－蒸汽蒸馏萃取技术富集沉积物样品中的氯代农药和多氯联苯

为方便快速分离沉积物中含氯农药和多氯联苯，将超声波技术和蒸汽蒸馏萃取技术相结合，萃取沉积物中的微量含氯农药和多氯联苯，所得萃取物不需进一步的净化和浓缩，可直接用于色谱分析．实验表明，在进行蒸汽蒸馏萃取之前，使用辅助的超声波技术可将大部分待测物的回收率提高２０％－３０％，较好地解决了由于沉积物的吸附作用而导致的蒸汽蒸馏萃取回收率偏低的缺陷．该法使沉积物样品中的氯代农药和多氯联苯的蒸汽蒸馏萃取富集成为可能．     

用汽提法从氯提废水中回收氯仿的研究

氯提废水系咖啡因母液水经氯仿溶剂萃取后的萃余液,因此废水中含有较高浓度的氯仿。氯仿是一种挥发性氯代烃,具有较大的毒性,直接排入下水道,将给受纳水体造成严重污染,而且,由于氯仿具有较高的化学稳定性,在水体中也难自然消解。本试验采用汽提法处理,将废水中氯仿进行分离并加以回收,试验结果表明,总回收率可达95%左右,同时,COD值也可降低40%左右。     

气相色谱法测定水中酚类物质

酚类物质广泛存在于工业生产的废水中，多种酚类已被列入国家环境监测物质名单中。苯酚、甲酚及二氯酚在生产和生活废水中广泛存在。采用有效、快捷的分析方法．是防止居民用水受污染，保证人类健康的重要手段，本文对苯酚、甲酚、氯酚进行了分析测定。