基于速度特性的高速公路隧道入口过渡段行车安全性分析

针对山区高速公路隧道交通事故高发的特点,分析隧道入口过渡段行车特性,对改善隧道入口过渡段的行车安全性具有重要意义.以云南山区高速公路隧道为研究对象,依据隧道路段的行车特点和隧道外设施设置位置将隧道入口过渡段划分为隧道前减速段、隧道前交织段、隧道前过渡段、隧道入口段和隧道适应段.通过实车试验采集隧道入口过渡段的行车速度数据,分析各区段车辆速度变化规律和行车安全影响因素,发现隧道入口过渡段的车速变化用高斯函数拟合较好.用加速度的变化量与发生这一变化车辆运动的距离的比值表示行车风险,建立高速公路隧道入口过渡段行车安全性评价模型,利用Matlab计算得出各区段行车危险性系数.结果表明:在隧道前交织段,行车风险增加;在隧道入口段,行车风险较高,暗适应结束后,行车危险性降低.研究结果可为山区高速公路隧道安全运营管理提供对策.     

新冠肺炎疫情影响下多式联运网络突发事件风险传导机理

针对新冠肺炎疫情下企业供给间断和需求下滑所引发的系统性风险,以多式联运网络组织为对象,利用网络拓扑分析方法,提出了一种风险传导效应测度的分析模型,通过对节点重要度和风险扩散阈值的计算,研究不同初始故障点的风险传染效应,揭示多式联运网络风险的传导机理.首先,对多式联运网络中风险形成的本质进行阐述;接着,利用离散时间马尔科夫链性质建立了风险传导扩散模型,从节点重要度的测度、风险传递速度和网络组织受染阈值3个方面进行深入分析.结果表明,疫情影响下的内外部不确定性导致偏离预期目标后耦合突变产生风险,风险扩散的程度受到风险传导能量和速度的影响,而关键节点遭受风险传导效应比其他节点产生的效能更大,节点间传导概率和节点自身恢复能力决定了传导效能.最后,以12个经济主体构成的多式联运网络组织进行数值分析,测算后的结果为N12的节点重要度最大,风险传递速度为0.58,整个网络受染风险的阈值R为0.18.提出通过判断控制关键节点、削弱风险源的传导路径、提升节点自我恢复能力,可以降低风险在多式联运网络的扩散程度.     

水力压裂诱发断层活化失稳概率分析

为评估非常规油气开采过程水力压裂诱发断层活化失稳风险,基于新库仑稳定函数,通过编程求解诱震概率,分析不同诱因下断层稳定性和失稳风险。结果表明:孔隙弹性剪应力、孔隙压力和差异压实共同作用,是断层活化失稳重要诱因。当孔隙弹性剪应力介于6~10 MPa时,断层失稳概率高达68.9%,其增幅率越大,诱发远区断层失稳风险越高。孔隙压力增量超过3 MPa,对于定向不良断层极为不利;断层倾角和落差越大,差异压实作用越显著。     

温度作用下混凝土拼接桥梁拼接缝界面剪应力研究*

为探究拼宽混凝土桥梁在温度效应下连接缝位置产生的界面剪应力问题,考虑施工过程中现浇拼接缝混凝土各项参数的变化,以某高速公路拼接桥梁为研究对象,基于初等梁理论提出1种考虑纵向温度应力的拼宽桥梁界面剪应力力学模型。结果表明:拼接缝混凝土弹性模量的改变对拼接缝界面剪应力的数值和分布形态影响较小;新梁和旧梁的线膨胀系数差异越大拼接缝界面剪应力越大;研究得到不同拼宽宽度下拼宽桥界面局部剪切柔度修订值的变化规律,并拟合变化公式。     

工作满意度对建筑工人不安全行为的矫正机制研究*

为探讨工作满意度对建筑工人不安全行为矫正机制,基于文献调研构建工作满意度对建筑工人不安全行为矫正机制理论模型,并通过验证性因子分析和结构方程模型分析,对理论模型进行实证检验。结果表明:工作满意度对建筑工人安全不服从行为和安全不参与行为有显著矫正作用,敬业度在工作满意度和建筑工人安全不服从行为与安全不参与行为间起完全中介作用。对于新生代建筑工人,工作满意度通过敬业度对安全不服从行为矫正效应小于对安全不参与行为的矫正效应,对于老一代建筑工人,矫正效应则相反。研究结果可为广大建筑施工企业矫正其工人的不安全行为提供依据。     

强化生物除磷系统微生物群落结构对水温变化响应的试验研究

在富集聚磷菌(PAOs)且具有较高磷去除率的强化生物除磷(EBPR)系统中,通过对系统水温的控制,研究了EBPR系统微生物群落结构对温度升高和恢复的响应.结果表明,运行温度上升后,EBPR系统除磷效率急速下降.处理水温为25℃和30℃的系统恢复至20℃运行后能够恢复至原始的良好除磷状态,而处理水温为35℃的系统崩溃(磷...     

Plant coexistence can enhance phytoextraction of cadmium by tobacco （Nicotiana tabacum L.） in contaminated soil

A mesocosm experiment was conducted to investigate whether plant coexistence affects cadmium (Cd) uptake by plant in contaminated soil.Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.var.K326) and Japanese clover (Kummerowia striata (Thunb.) Schindl.) were used.Cadmium was applied as 3CdSO 4 ·8H 2 O in solution at three levels (0,1,and 3 mg/kg soil) to simulate an unpolluted soil and soils that were slightly and moderately polluted with Cd.Tobacco (crop),Japanese clover (non-crop),and their combination were grown under each C...     

Removal of ammonium-N from ammonium-rich sewage using an immobilized Bacillus subtilis AYC bioreactor system

A self-design bioreactor system employing a fixed bed operation process with immobilized Bacillus subtilis AYC beads for NH4 +-N removal from slightly polluted water was proposed. Polyvinyl alcohol and Na-alginate were used as a gel matrix to entrap Bacillus subtilis AYC to form the immobilized beads. The NH4 +-N removal process was studied in a intermittent operation mode to examine the start-up and steady state behaviors of the immobilized AYC in the reactor. The results indicated that the reactor was in the start-up state during the first week. NH4 +-N began to be steadily removal since the second week, and the nitrogen removal rate was between 84.61% and 96.19% when the hydraulic retention time (HRT) was 30 min. To apply Bacillus subtilis AYC to develop a practical nitrogen removal system and further understand its nitrogen removal ability, the bioreactor was continuously operated under different experimental perameters. The results showed that under the optimum conditions of an HRT of 20 min and DO of 3.77–5.80 mg/L, the NH4 +-N removal rate reached 99.55%. The NH4 +-N removal rate increased as the C/N ratio increased. However, a high C/N may cause a high residual carbon level in the effluent, therefore, the most suitable C/N ratio was 10. In addition, the results showed that the bioreactor system could remove many types of nitrogen such as NH4 +-N, NO3??-N and organic-N, and had a good performance for inorganic nitrogen removal from sewage.     

Autotrophic denitrification for nitrate and nitrite removal using sulfur-limestone

In the study, both nitrate and nitrite could be removed effectively using sulfur-limestone, and the bacteria involved in sulfur-based denitrification for nitrate and nitrite removal were of the same species.     

阿布扎比的核能计划

日本福岛核电站发生的核泄漏事故让许多同家一时间谈核色变,中国及多个中东围家却选择逆水行舟,仍计划大力发展核能科技。3月28日,阿联酋政府还是确定将进一步推进民用核反应堆的发展计划。 阿联酋水电部部长阿卜杜拉·赛义夫·纳依米曾在阿拉伯电力及水力峰会上表示：“我们应在这一地区促进核能技术的发展。”