不同有机无机配合方式对水稻生长的影响

盆栽试验结果表明，有机无机配合方式对水稻产量具有明显的施肥位置效应、粒状效应，而时间效应不明显．有机无机复肥造粒后肥效持久而均衡．因而是有机与无机结合的好方式．     

凹凸棒土负载铁盐吸附剂的制备及其对As(Ⅴ)的吸附性能

研究凹凸棒土负载铁盐吸附剂的制备及其对As(Ⅴ)的吸附性能.考察了pH、凹凸棒土热改性温度、粒度、铁盐浓度等因素对吸附As(Ⅴ)性能的影响.结果表明,热改性温度为600℃的凹凸棒土负载铁盐吸附剂吸附As(Ⅴ)效果比200℃和400℃都好,其对As(Ⅴ)的吸附行为符合Freundlich模型.当pH值6.0时,600℃热改性200—400目的凹凸棒土负载0.5 mol·L-1Fe(NO3)3吸附剂的最大吸附量为1.1669 mg·g-1,重复使用时性能稳定,具有处理含As(Ⅴ)废水的应用前景.     

澧阳平原黑褐色土壤剖面常量元素地球化学特征

对澧阳平原典型土壤剖面--玉成(YC)剖面进行常量元素地球化学分析,结果表明,YC剖面沉积物中SiO2,Al2O3和TFe2O3(包括Fe2O3和FeO)三者的含量总和达到80%-85%,其中SiO2的含量占60%-65%,Al2O3含量在12%-15%之间,而TFe2O3的含量占5.5%-7%;其它常量元素的含量相对较低,表现为K2O(2.5%-2.8%)>TiO2(1.2%-1.5%)>MgO(0.7%-1.2%)>CaO(0.5%-0.8%)>Na2O(0.4%-0.6%)>MnO(0.1%-0.5%)>P2O5(0.1%-0.15%).黑褐色土壤剖面CIA值(74.82)远高于上地壳(UCC)的平均值47.96,明显高于黄土高原黄土(63.73)和古土壤(67.36),略高于镇江下蜀黄土(70.45).表明黑褐色土壤剖面经历了比黄土高原黄土和古土壤更强烈的化学风化.CIA指数的垂向变化表明黑褐色土壤剖面经历了风化相对较弱、风化相对较强、风化相对较弱、风化相对较强4个阶段.     

粉煤灰磁化肥在南阳黄褐土上的增产效果

根据两年的研究结果,粉煤灰磁化肥在南阳黄褐土上有一定的增产作用,与等量氮、磷、钾肥料相比,大豆、花生的增产幅度为5.3%～9.9％,对大豆的增产作用表现在分枝数,每株荚数、百粒重及根瘤的提高、改善和增加。     

太湖地区典型轮作与休耕方式对稻田水稻季N2O和CH4排放量的影响

轮作休耕是实现"藏粮于地、藏粮于技"的重要途径之一,目前在太湖稻田区域主要推广紫云英(Astragalus sinicus L.)-水稻(Oryza sativa L.)、油菜(Brassica napus L.)-水稻和休耕-水稻典型轮作与休耕方式。在太湖地区典型稻田水稻生长季设置了6个处理:(1)紫云英-水稻轮作,不施N肥处理,MRN0;(2)紫云英-水稻轮作,当地常规施肥量(300 kg·hm^-2,以纯氮计,下同),MRN300;(3)油菜-水稻轮作,不施N肥处理,RRN0;(4)油菜-水稻轮作,当地常规施肥量(300 kg·hm^-2),RRN300;(5)休耕-水稻轮作,不施N肥处理,FRN0;(6)休耕-水稻轮作,当地常规施肥量(300 kg·hm^-2),FRN300。通过田间试验,研究了不同轮作与休耕方式对水稻产量、氮肥利用率及稻田温室气体CH₄和N₂O排放的影响,从而为综合评价轮作休耕方式提供科学依据。田间试验结果显示,与不施氮肥处理相比,在不同轮作休耕方式下施氮300 kg·hm^-2,可增加53.7%—60.0%的水稻产量,以MRN300处理水稻产量最高,与RRN300和FRN300处理相比,水稻产量分别提高了1.6%和6.0%。在不施氮水平下,MRN0、RRN0和FRN0各轮作处理间N₂O排放通量和累积排放量均值差异不显著(P>0.05)。而在施氮300 kg·hm^-2下,紫云英-水稻轮作可降低N₂O排放通量和累积排放量,与RRN300和FRN300处理相比,N₂O排放通量分别降低了36.0%(P<0.05)和2.1%(P>0.05)。在同一施氮水平下,紫云英-水稻轮作CH₄排放通量和累积排放量最小,与RRN300和FRN300处理相比,MRN300处理CH₄排放通量分别降低了1.1%和6.7%,CH₄和N₂O的全球增温潜势(GWP)分别降低了3.3%和6.5%,单位水稻产量温室气体排放强度(GHGI)分别降低了4.6%和11.6%。综上,紫云英-水稻轮作对提高水稻产量,降低温室气体排放效果最好。     

Response of the grain yield and quality of hybrid rice to weak light stress北大核心CSCD

In this study, three rice varieties, Byou268 (low light-sensitive type), Nei5you768 (intermediate type), and Yixiangyou1108 (low light-tolerant), were used as experimental materials to investigate the yield and quality responses of different rice varieties to low light stress under normal light (CK) and low light (SH). The results showed the following: (1) Compared with normal light, the decrease in Yixiangyou1108’s 1 000-grain weight, grain number per spike, and seed setting rate under low light treatment were much lower than those of Nei5you768 and Byou268. The yield decline of Yixiangyou1108 (46.5%) was significantly lower than that of Nei5you768 (56.5%) and Byou268 (69.8%). Yixiangyou1108 showed strong tolerance to low light stress in terms of 1 000-grain weight, seed setting rate, grain number per panicle, and yield. (2) Compared with normal light, the reduction in grain length and width of Yixiangyou1108 under low-light treatment was significantly greater than that of Byou268; however, the reduction in the length-width ratio did not reach a significant level. The amylose content and gel consistency of the rice were significantly reduced. The reduction in amylose content of Yixiangyou1108 (24.5%) was significantly lower than that of Nei5you768 (28.1%) and Byou268 (30.6%); however, the decrease in gel consistency of Yixiangyou1108 (14.7%) was significantly higher than that of Nei5you768 (9.8%) and Byou268 (8.1%). After low light treatment, the characteristic values of the RVA curve of rice changed. The peak viscosity and breakdown viscosity of Yixiangyou1108, Nei5you768, and Byou268 were significantly decreased, but the cold glue viscosity and setback viscosity were significantly increased, while there was no significant difference in the peak time and peak temperature. The response of 1 000-grain weight, grain number per spike, and seed setting rate under low light stress can be used as a yield index of rice breeding with low light tolerance; rice grain type, amylose, and gel consistency; and peak viscosity and hot paset viscosity in RVA characteristic values can be used as quality indexes of low-light-tolerant rice material breeding. © 2022 Science Press. All rights reserved.     

不同黏土对盐酸环丙沙星和诺氟沙星的吸附特性

研究了不同振荡时间、溶液pH和金属离子浓度条件下,蒙脱土和硅藻土对水溶液中盐酸环丙沙星和诺氟沙星的吸附特性及其吸附动力学。结果表明,蒙脱土和硅藻土对抗生素的吸附均在4 h达到吸附平衡;强酸、强碱均有利于蒙脱土对盐酸环丙沙星的吸附,中性和碱性不利于蒙脱土对诺氟沙星的吸附;pH的升高不利于硅藻土对盐酸环丙沙星的吸附,强酸、强碱条件有利于硅藻土对诺氟沙星的吸附。pH≤6时,Na+和K+对吸附效果影响不大;pH=10时,Na+和K+显著降低2种吸附剂对抗生素的去除率。Ni2+有利于蒙脱土吸附盐酸环丙沙星,但不利于吸附诺氟沙星,不利于硅藻土在中性条件对抗生素的吸附。由吸附动力学可知,2种吸附剂对抗生素的吸附过程均符合准二级动力学模型。     

水稻壮秧分蘖剂苗期抗冷效果初探

利用人工气候室在苗期施用水稻壮秧分蘖剂对水稻秧苗的形态及生理方面的表现进行了探讨。结果表明：水稻壮秧分蘖剂具有增加秧苗干物重,提高秧苗素质,降低电解质渗出率和提高脯氨酸含量的作用。同时增加了秧苗的分蘖能力和提高水稻产量。     

不同来源重金属污染的土壤对水稻的影响

采用人工污染土壤、尾矿砂、污泥等不同载体的污染源来模拟土壤污染 ,研究其对水稻生长、吸收养分和吸收重金属的影响。结果表明 ,不同污染载体对水稻生长的影响不同 ,其影响的大小顺序为人工污染土壤 >尾矿砂 >污泥 >尾矿砂 +污泥。不同污染载体对水稻吸收重金属的影响亦不同 ,以纯化学试剂的形式添加到土壤中的重金属最易被提取出来 ,植物从中吸收的Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd最多 ,而从以污泥为污染载体的土壤中吸收的Zn、Pb、Cd最少。研究表明 ,用添加纯化学试剂的方法来模拟污染土壤对生态与环境的影响是可行的 ,确定土壤负载容量是安全的 ,因为在实验条件下它对供试植物的影响最明显