书讯

<正>张殿印、王海涛主编的《袋式除尘器管理指南—安装、运行与维护》,由机械工业出版社于2013年11月出版,全国新华书店和机械工业出版社官网发行。该书是专门介绍袋式除尘器安装、运行与维护的管理技术书。全书约75万字,共分为8章,分别介绍袋式除尘器的分类、性能、选择,袋式除尘器安装准备、安装流程,安装方法与验收,袋式除尘器调整试验、运行操作、维护保养、故障排除和袋式除尘系统运行管理。本书内容全面,资     

增湿除湿太阳能海水淡化系统的试验研究

基于增湿-除湿原理,设计了一种新型的太阳能海水淡化装置,该装置包含太阳能空气集热器、太阳能热管集热器、横管蒸发器、竖管冷凝器以及冷却水箱。介绍了各部件的尺寸结构和工作原理,研究了影响系统产水量的各因素。结果表明:热海水温度、进口空气流量以及冷凝海水流量对产水量影响较大,而一定范围内环境温度的变化对产水量影响较小。数据显示,系统的产水率和效率分别为5.79×10-4kg/kJ和43.5%。     

油田回注水质稳定处理及测试

油田回注水质存在不稳定情况,影响注水效果。通过分析水质pH、溶解氧、二价还原性离子及细菌等因素,明确了导致水质不稳定的原因。通过控制水质不稳定因素的方式促进水质稳定,确保其达到回注要求。以两个具体实例说明针对水质自身的特点采取相应的措施,可促进水质稳定。针对1#水样低pH、高浓度二价铁的特点,筛选并投加50 mg/L pH调节剂ZYJ-1以及20 mg/L预氧化剂,促进了回注水质的稳定。针对2#水样高含硫、高含细菌、腐蚀严重的问题,投加100 mg/L杀菌剂ZYC-4,40 mg/L氧化除硫剂,处理后水质腐蚀速率从1.0226 mm/a下降到0.0461 mm/a,达到回注要求。     

火电厂石灰软化水质混凝澄清工艺对比分析

石灰软化处理是目前火电厂循环冷却水处理应用最为广泛的一种方式。针对石灰软化处理的两种不同混凝澄清工艺进行对比分析,分析显示,高效澄清池比机械加速澄清池具有处理效果优、占地小、投资省、运行成本低、管理简便等优势。     

600 MW机组加装增压风机旁路系统的探索

应环保政策要求,火电厂烟气旁路系统必须在2014年底前取消,如何解决取消烟气旁路后锅炉的安全运行问题呢?漳山电厂提出加装增压风机旁路系统的方案,并通过检测风烟系统阻力,进行可行性研究。该方案实施后,完全达到预期效果,当增压风机故障时,烟气经旁路烟道进入吸收塔,保障了锅炉正常运行,实现了增压风机在线检修。     

Biostability in distribution systems in one city in southern China：Characteristics, modeling and control strategy

This study investigated the bacterial regrowth in drinking water distribution systems receiving finished water from an advanced drinking water treatment plant in one city in southem China. Thirteen nodes in two water supply zones with different aged pipelines were selected to monitor water temperature, dissolved oxygen （DO）, chloramine residual, assimilable organic carbon （AOC）, and heterotrophic plate counts （HPC）. Regression and principal component analyses indicated that HPC had a strong correlation with chloramine residual. Based on Chick-Watson＇s Law and the Monod equation, biostability curves under different conditions were developed to achieve the goal of HPC 100 CFU/mL. The biostability curves could interpret the scenario under various AOC concentrations and predict the required chloramine residual concentration under the condition of high AOC level. The simulation was also carded out to predict the scenario with a stricter HPC goal （≤50 CFU/mL） and determine the required chloramine residual. The biological regrowth control strategy was assessed using biostability curve analysis. The results indicated that maintaining high chloramine residual concentration was the most practical way to achieve the goal of HPC ≤ 100 CFU/mL. Biostability curves could be a very useful tool for biostability control in distribution systems. This work could provide some new insights towards biostability control in real distribution systems.     

Review on water leakage control in distribution networks and the associated environmental benefits

Water supply is the primary element of an urban system. Due to rapid urbanization and water scarcity, maintaining a stable and safe water supply has become a challenge to many cities, whereas a large amount of water is lost from the pipes of distribution systems. Water leakage is not only a waste of water resources, but also incurs great socio-economic costs. This article presents a comprehensive review on the potential water leakage control approaches and specifically discusses the benefits of each to environmental conservation. It is concluded that water leakage could be further reduced by improving leakage detection capability through a combination of predictive modeling and monitoring instruments, optimizing pipe maintenance strategy, and developing an instant pressure regulation system. The environment could benefit from these actions because of water savings and the reduction of energy consumption as well as greenhouse gas emissions.     

Primary neuronal-astrocytic co-culture platform for neurotoxicity assessment of di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate

Plastics such as polyvinyl chlorides （PVC） are widely used in many indoor constructed environments; however, their unbound chemicals, such as di-（2-ethylhexyl） phthalates （DEHP）, can leach into the surrounding environment. This study focused on DEHP＇s effect on the central nervous system by determining the precise DEHP content in mice brain tissue after exposure to the chemical, to evaluate the specific exposure range. Primary neuronal-astrocyte co-culture systems were used as in vitro models for chemical hazard identification of DEHP. Oxidative stress was hypothesized as a probable mechanism involved, and therefore the total reactive oxygen species （ROS） concentration was determined as a biomarker of oxidative stress. In addition, NeuriteTracer, a neurite tracing plugin with ImageJ, was used to develop an assay for neurotoxicity to provide quantitative measurements of neurological parameters, such as neuronal number, neuron count and neurite length, all of which could indicate neurotoxic effects. The results showed that with 1 nmol/L DEHP exposure, there was a significant increase in ROS concentrations, indicating that the neuronal-astrocyte cultures were injured due to exposure to DEHP. In response, astrocyte proliferation （gliosis） was initiated, serving as a mechanism to maintain a homeostatic environment for neurons and protect neurons from toxic chemicals. There is a need to assess the cumulative effects of DEHP in animals to evaluate the possible uotake and effects on the human neuronal system from exoosure to DEHP in the indoor environment.     

Experimental study on filtration and continuous regeneration of a particulate filter system for heavy-duty diesel engines

This study investigated the filtration and continuous regeneration of a particulate filter system on an engine test bench, consisting of a diesel oxidation catalyst（DOC） and a catalyzed diesel particulate filter（CDPF）. Both the DOC and the CDPF led to a high conversion of NO to NO2 for continuous regeneration. The filtration efficiency on solid particle number（SPN） was close to100%. The post-CDPF particles were mainly in accumulation mode. The downstream SPN was sensitively influenced by the variation of the soot loading. This phenomenon provides a method for determining the balance point temperature by measuring the trend of SPN concentration.     

Phosphatase activity and culture conditions of the yeast Candida mycoderma sp. and analysis of organic phosphorus hydrolysis ability

Orthophosphate is an essential but limiting macronutrient for plant growth. About 67% cropland in China lacks sufficient phosphorus, especially that with red soil. Extensive soil phosphorus reserves exist in the form of organic phosphorus, which is unavailable for root uptake unless hydrolyzed by secretory acid phosphatases. Thus, many microorganisms with the ability to produce phosphatase have been exploited. In this work, the activity of an extracellular acid phosphatase and yeast biomass from Candida mycoderma was measured under different culture conditions, such as pH, temperature, and carbon source. A maximal phosphatase activity of 8.47 × 10^5±0.11× 10^5 U/g was achieved by C. Mycoderma in 36 hr under the optimal conditions. The extracellular acid phosphatase has high activity over a wide pH tolerance range from 2.5 to S.0 （optimum pH 3.5）. The effects of different phosphorus compounds on the acid phosphatase production were also studied. The presence of phytin, lecithin or calcium phosphate reduced the phosphatase activity and biomass yield significantly. In addition, the pH of the culture medium was reduced significantly by lecithin. The efficiency of the strain in releasing orthophosphate from organic phosphorus was studied in red soil （used in planting trees） and rice soil （originating as red soil）. The available phosphorus content was increased by 230% after inoculating 20 days in rice soil and decreased by 50% after inoculating 10 days in red soil. This work indicates that the yeast strain C. mycoderma has potential application for enhancing phosphorus utilization in plants that grow in rice soil.