汉江下游水污染协同控制探讨

以一维河流单种污染物的水污染协同控制理论为基础,以汉江武汉段水质达到国家III级为目的,探讨了河流的水污染控制量。根据各排污口的实测CODCr、BOD5、NH3-N浓度和排放流量,结合河流的流量和水质标准,得出汉江武汉段的水污染协同控制量。计算结果表明,汽配排污口BOD5排放量需削减198 t/a,汉正下河街排污口BOD5排放量需削减617 t/a,其它排污口BOD5排放量在允许值范围以内;各排污口的CODCr排放量均在允许值范围以内;国棉三厂排污口NH3-N排放量需削减57 t/a,汉正下河街排污口NH3-N排放量需削减95 t/a,其它排污口NH3-N排放量在允许值范围以内。该方法充分考虑各污染源合理利用环境的自然降解能力,比简单要求每个污染源都达标排放更合理,对各污染源也更加公平,也容易被排污企业接受,具有一定的实用价值。     

空调系统冷冻水循环水泵变频运行的变温差控制

在分析空调系统变流量运行调节的基础上,提出了变温差控制并给出了控制方案。变温差控制过程不仅具有负反馈,而且具有正反馈,能较好的适应空调负荷的变化。比较分析了变温差控制、定温差控制、定压差控制的节能性,变温差控制的节能潜力最大,是一种最佳控制方式。     

Impacts of wastewater sludge amendments in restoring nitrogen cycle in p-nitrophenol contaminated soil

The possible impacts on nitrogen-cycle in a p-nitrophenol (PNP) polluted soil and the e ectiveness of wastewater sludge amendments in restoring nitrification potential and urease activity were evaluated by an incubation study. The results indicated that PNP at 250 mg/kg soil inhibited urease activity, nitrification potential, arginine ammonification rate and heterotrophic bacteria counts to some extents. After exposure to PNP, the nitrification potential of the tested soil was dramatically reduced to zero over a period of 30 days. Based on the findings, nitrification potential was postulated as a simple biochemical indicator for PNP pollution in soils. Nitrogen-cycling processes in soils responded positively to the applications of wastewater sludges. A sludge application rate of 200 tons/ha was su cient for successful biostimulation of these nitrogen processes. The microbial activities in sludge-amended, heavy PNP-polluted soils seemed to recover after 30–45 days, indicating the e ectiveness of sludge as a useful soil amendment.     

Nitrogen cycle of a typical Suaeda salsa marsh ecosystem in the Yellow River estuary

The nitrogen (N) biological cycle of the Suaeda salsa marsh ecosystem in the Yellow River estuary was studied during 2008 to 2009. Results showed that soil N had significant seasonal fluctuations and vertical distribution. The N/P ratio (15.73±1.77) of S. salsa was less than 16, indicating that plant growth was limited by both N and P. The N absorption coefficient of S. salsa was very low (0.007), while the N utilization and cycle coefficients were high (0.824 and 0.331, respectively). The N turnover among compartments of S. salsa marsh showed that N uptake from aboveground parts and roots were 2.539 and 0.622 g/m2, respectively. The N translocation from aboveground parts to roots and from roots to soil were 2.042 and 0.076 g/m2, respectively. The N translocation from aboveground living bodies to litter was 0.497 g/m2, the annual N return from litter to soil was far less than 0.368 g/m2, and the net N mineralization in topsoil during the growing season was 0.033 g/m2. N was an important limiting factor in S. salsa marsh, and the ecosystem was classified as unstable and vulnerable. S. salsa was seemingly well adapted to the low-nutrient status and vulnerable habitat, and the nutrient enrichment due to N import from the Yellow River estuary would be a potential threat to the S. salsa marsh. Excessive nutrient loading might favor invasive species and induce severe long-term degradation of the ecosystem if human intervention measures were not taken. The N quantitative relationships determined in our study might provide a scientific basis for the establishment of effective measures.     

Efficacy of natural biocide on control of microbial induced corrosion in oil pipelines mediated by Desulfovibrio vulgaris and Desulfovibrio gigas

We compared the efficacy of a natural biocide with four chemical tetrakishydroxymethyl phosphonium sulfonate, benzyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, and formaldehyde, glutaraldehyde, to control microbial induced corrosion in oil pipelines. The efficacy of biocides were monitored against Desulfovibrio vulgaris and Desulfovibrio gigas in experimental pipes by measuring cell counts, H2S production, Fe(II) production, production of extracellular polymeric substances and structure of biofilm. The treatment with cow urine had minimum planktonic cell counts of 3 102 CFU/mL as well as biofilm cell counts of 9 101 CFU/mL as compared with tetrakishydroxyl methyl phosphonium sulfonate, benzyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, formaldehyde and glutaraldehyde. Sulfide production was the lowest with cow urine (0.08 mmol/L), followed by tetrakishydroxymethyl phosphonium sulfonate 0.72 mmol/L. On day 90 of treatment, Fe(II) production was also found to be the lowest with cow urine. The scanning electron microscopic studies indicated that the biofilm bacteria were killed by cow urine. These results demonstrate the cow urine mediated control of microbially induced corrosion, and this is indicative of its potential as a viable substitute of toxic biocides. To the best of our knowledge, this seems to be the first report which screens possible biocidal activity by cow urine as compared to the most common biocides which oil industry is currently using.     

为了下一代——索尼(中国)企业社会责任报告2010(环境部分)

概况随着全球经济一体化的推进和全球气候变暖趋势逐渐明显,索尼(中国)在履行社会责任、实施可持续发展过程中,在生态环境保护、社区和谐稳定、消费者及其他利益相关群体权益保护等诸多方面不断强化并完善各项举措,收到了良好的效果。索尼集团于2010年4月提出"环境零负荷"的目标,即计划到2050年,在企业运营行为和产品使用周期中,将对环境的负荷降低至零。作为集团中的一员,索尼(中国)在致力于为人们提供更多新颖、时尚的高科技产品同时,也在对产品研     

你对塑料了解多少?

吃、穿、住、行、用,塑料制品的身影无处不在,但是对司空见惯、貌似平常的塑料你到底了解多少?1、塑料会在以下哪类物品中出现?衣服地毯食物以上各种答案:以上各种。无论是用来制作衣服和地毯的化纤,还是染色的油墨,甚至我们扔掉的塑料,最终还是可能会返回到食物链中,塑料无处不在。然而,尽管循环利用非常重要,各种地毯回     

应合理控制经济社会发展的主要成本

成本既是一个经济领域中的重要概．念,也是一个社会领域中的重要概念,它在许多方面对我们产生着无法回避的影响。回顾经济社会发展的历程,许多美好的经济社会发展蓝图都或多或少地因为受成本问题的困绕而被打了折扣,甚至有一些问题还给我们当前和未来的发展带来了不同程度的后遗症,并形成了新的成本。     

地方传真

内蒙古出台阶梯水价等政策促进节约用水 今年以来,内蒙古实施了阶梯水价等一系列政策,以增强公众的节水意识。按照新出台的规定,内蒙古将对取用再生水、矿井疏干水的用户免征水资源费,以促进水资源循环利用。与此同时,内蒙古对用水量超过定额的用户则实行累进加价制度。此外,在城镇公共供水管网覆盖范围内取用地下水的单位和个人,必须将自备水源转换为公共供水管网水源。     

空气自动监测系统的质量保证和控制方法探讨

空气自动监测系统的正常运行需要有严格的质量保证和管理方法,青岛市空气自动监测系统已正常运行了二十多年。运行期间,通过查阅大量的国内外资料并结合实际工作需要逐步建立了一套适合目前监测状况的质量保证和控制方法,并取得了较好的效果。