Performance of a water hyacinth （Eichhornia crassipes） system in the treatment of wastewater from a duck farm and the effects of using water hyacinth as duck feed

Nowadays, intensive breeding of poultry and livestock of large scale has made the treatment of its waste and wastewater an urgent environmental issue, which motivated this study. A wetland of 688 m2 was constructed on an egg duck farm, and water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) was chosen as an aquatic plant for the wetland and used as food for duck production. The objectives of this study were to test the role of water hyacinth in purifying nutrient-rich wastewater and its effects on the ducks’ feed intake, egg laying performance and egg quality. This paper shows that the constructed wetland removed as much as 64.44% of chemical oxygen demand (COD), 21.78% of total nitrogen (TN) and 23.02% of total phosphorus (TP). Both dissolved oxygen (DO) and the transparency of the wastewater were remarkably improved, with its transparency 2.5 times higher than that of the untreated wastewater. After the ducks were fed with water hyacinth, the average daily feed intake and the egg-laying ratio in the test group were 5.86% and 9.79% higher, respectively, than in the control group; the di erences were both significant at the 0.01 probability level. The egg weight in the test group was 2.36% higher than in the control group (P < 0.05), but the feed conversion ratios were almost the same. The eggshell thickness and strength were among the egg qualities significantly increased in ducks fed with water hyacinth.We concluded that a water hyacinth system was e ective for purifying wastewater from an intensive duck farm during the water hyacinth growing season, as harvested water hyacinth had an excellent performance as duck feed. We also discussed the limitations of the experiment.     

现存有机标准能否避免转基因生物污染？

20世纪80年代,有机标准开始大规模使用,以保证和规范一种农业和农产品的替代方式（有机方式）。 有机体系禁止化学杀虫剂、除草剂、除真菌剂和化肥等一系列物质,若不使用他们,其所造成的污染将会逐渐消失。     

生物质能的绿色效能分析

本文对生物质原料特性及其应用进行了分析,并通过生命周期法(LCA)对生物质和煤气化合成二甲醚料的过程进行对比评价.每生产1千克二甲醚,使用前者比后者可减少排放CO2924.11克、NOx25.01克、SOx70.93克,痕量金属排放量也大大减少.由此可见,利用生物质对减少有害气体的排放意义重大,并能从源头上保证整个过程的环境友好性.     

快速测定法和重铬酸钾法测定水中化学需氧量之比较

比较了快速测定法与国家标准方法重铬酸钾法(GB11914-89)测定化学需氧量.结果表明:快速测定法不仅节约了消解时间,而且节约了试剂,操作简单,准确度和精确度均达到或超过国家标准方法.     

2007年节能减排取得明显成效

国家发改委、国家环保总局有关负责人3月11日在十一届全国人大一次会议举行的记者招待会上说,2007年全国单位GDPB能耗下降了3.27％,节能8980万吨标准煤。二氧化硫和化学需氧量排放总量分别下降了46.6％和31.4％,首次实现了双下降。     

油田企业职业卫生工作探讨

胜利油田是特大型国有企业,工作范围近4.4×104 km2.多年来,油田的职业卫生防治工作坚持"预防为主,防治结合"的工作方针,宣传和贯彻《职业病防治法》,强化职能建设、拓宽服务领域,推行HSE程序化管理,为油田生产建设提供了有力保障.现结合工作实践,就做好油田企业职业卫生工作进行探讨.     

臭氧法海水化学需氧量(COD)现场快速分析技术研究

海水化学需氧量(COD)是海水中有机污染物的综合指标,是海洋环境监测最重要的项目之一,目前我国海洋环境污染日趋严重,现有的COD测量方法远远不能满足形式的需要,研制开发现场、快速、自动分析的COD测量技术势在必行,也是海水COD分析技术发展方向和发展趋势.在国家863计划的支持下,我们成功开发了臭氧法海水化学需氧量现场快速分析技术,并在此基础上研制了可用于现场的臭氧法海水化学需氧量测量仪(以下简称臭氧法测量仪).文章介绍了臭氧法海水化学需氧量现场快速分析技术原理,臭氧法测量仪实验室现场测试结果和海试现场情况.大量实验数据表明,臭氧法测量仪具有测量快速、结果准确、长时间不需维护等特点.     

利用化学沉淀法降低焦化废水氨氮浓度的预处理工艺研究

为了有效净化高浓度氨氮工业废水,采用向废水中投加MgCl2·6H2O和Na3PO4·12H2O生成磷酸氨镁沉淀的方法,以去除其中的高浓度氨氮。结果表明,在pH值为9.0,Mg^2＋、NH4^＋、PO4^3-的摩尔比为1.2：1：0.9,反应温度为25℃,反应时间为20 min,沉淀时间为50 min的条件下,氨氮质量浓度可由3 100 mg/l降低到56mg/l,去除率达到98%以上,为后续生化处理创造了条件。     

兰十二型抽油机增程节能改造效果浅析

近几年来,我厂对八十年代投产的老式兰十二抽油机进行了增程节能改造,不仅很好地解决了实际生产中急需的长冲程、大负荷抽油机问题,节约部分能源、提高了油田生产的经济效益;而且使用较少的改造资金,盘活了大量的闲置的抽油机资产,节省了大量的新设备购置资金。     

化学除磷条件下蚯蚓生态滤池污泥性质的试验研究

概述了蚯蚓生态滤池的研究进展,介绍了蚯蚓生态滤池化学除磷的工艺流程和设备参数;由试验得出氯化铁（FeCl3·6H2O）是蚯蚓生态滤池化学除磷的合适药剂,并确定最经济投加量为50mg／L;在此条件下,研究了化学除磷小试滤池产生的污泥性质,包括污泥产率的变化、重金属含量、污泥的脱水性能、污泥的稳定化程度以及污泥的最终处置方法。