环境中的药物——LC-MS/MS分析地表水和地下水

成百上千的活性物质正被用于人药和兽药处方中.由于药物的广泛应用,它们的残留物可通过多种途径进入环境.虽然主要通过尿和粪便的排泄,但是药品生产中的排放也应被考虑.当抗生素用于水产业,就会产生更直接的影响.污水处理设备不能完全除去药物,因此药物会出现在地表和地下水样品中.近年来,人们对环境中药物的兴趣正在增加,需要建立一种快速、灵敏、有选择性的方法来分析水样.     

环境友好型阻垢剂聚天冬氨酸毒理性研究

文章通过小鼠急性毒性试验、微核试验和Ames试验,对聚天冬氨酸(PASP)毒理性进行了研究.试验结果表明,LD50≥5000mg/kg.bw,证明PASP是实际无毒物质;在剂量为5.0g/kg.bw以下时,小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞(PCE)微核的发生率与阴性对照组相近,说明PASP不是染色体畸变型的致突变物质;对TA97,TA98,TA100和TA102四种菌株,在剂量为0.008～5mg/皿范围内,投加与不加S9时PASP的MR最大值为1.45,最低值为0.67,呈阴性,即PASP不是基因致突变物质.研究结果对PASP阻垢剂的工业应用具有指导意义.     

厌氧—接触氧化—ClO2消毒法处理医疗生活污水

采用厌氧-接触氧化-ClO2消毒法来处理医疗生活污水，处理后污水可达《污水综合排放标准》一级排放标准。     

Uptake and accumulation of phenanthrene and pyrene in spiked soils by Ryegrass(Lolium perenne L.)

Phytoremediation has long been recognized as a cost-effective method for the removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （PAHs） from soil. A study was conducted to investigate the uptake and accumulation of PAHs in root and shoot of Lolium perenne L. Pot experiments were conducted with series of concentrations of 3.31-378.37 mg/kg for phenanthrene and those of 4.22-365.38 mg/kg for pyrene in a greenhouse. The results showed that both ryegrass roots and shoots did take up PAHs from spiked soils, and generally increased with increasing concentrations of PAH in soil. Bioconcentration factors（BCFs） of phenanthrene by shoots and roots were 0.24- 4.25 and 0.17-2.12 for the same treatment. BCFs of pyrene by shoots were 0.20-1.5, except for 4.06 in 4.32 mg/kg treatment, much lower than BCFs of pyrene by roots （0.58-2.28）. BCFs of phenanthrene and pyrene tended to decrease with increasing concentrations of phenanthrene and pyrene in soil. Direct uptake and accumulation of these compounds by Lolium perenne L. was very low compared with the other loss pathways, which meant that plant-promoted microbial biodegradation might be the main contribution to plant-enhanced removal of phenanthrene and pyrene in soil. However, the presence of Lolium perenne L. significantly enhanced the removal of phenanthrene and pyrene in spiked soil. At the end of 60 d experiment, the extractable concentrations of phenanthrene and pyrene were lower in planted soil than in non-planted soil, about 83.24%-91.98% of phenanthrene and 68.53%-84.10% of pyrene were removed from soils, respectively. The results indicated that the removal of PAHs in contaminated soils was a feasible approach by using Lolium perenne L.     

有机物质与土壤结构

土壤结构是土壤物理学中最本质的部分．而有机物质对土壤结构的形成和稳定起着重要作用．本文就有机物质对有机无机复合作的形成及其对土壤结构的影响进行讨论．     

三维电极法在微污染水处理中的应用研究

采用三维电极法对微污染水进行处理。试验结果表明，在三维电极反应器中进行的反应为一级反应，反应遵从下述关系：Ct=C0e^-kt；处理效果由水质状况和反应器条件决定；采用绝缘物质与吸附剂按一定比例混合的填料进行处理，能够提高电解效率。     

TiO2光催化剂在污水处理中的应用

在污水处理方面TiO2光催化剂以其独特的氧化活性。光学性能和无机化能力引起了人们极大的关注。对TiO2光催化原理。农药，染料和环境荷尔蒙等有机污染物的分解，提高催化效率的方法以及其实用技术等方面。分别作了综合评述。     

外加气体对等离子体降解水相中有机污染物的影响研究

研究了等离子体在内电极通氧气、氮气、空气和氦气条件下降解甲基紫的机理。研究表明，在该等离子体发生器结构下，等离子体能降解甲基紫，且在不同气体气氛下的降解产物不同，在氧气氛围下为含-CO和-OH物质及直链烯烃，而氮气氛围下是含-N、-NH和-OH的芳香类物质及小分子烃类物质。研究同时表明，等离子体降解水相中有机物时应在氧气介质中进行，如用空气则有可能会造成水体中NO3^-过高。