长春轻轨交通噪声环境影响评价

在分析轻轨交通特点基础上，对长春轻轨交通噪声环境影响进行了系统评价。评价结果表明：轻轨列车单独运行产生的噪声低于70dB，不超标；轻轨与铁路并行段，铁路交通噪声大于轻轨交通噪声，铁路噪声超标，应在并行段设置声屏障以保证交通噪声不超标；轻轨车内噪声比传统的有轨电车低14dB，有利于乘客身心健康，是较理想的城市交通工具。     

功能化材料Zr@AC对水中难降解农药阿特拉津的去除特征

我国农药阿特拉津的污染十分严重,对生态系统造成了非常不利的影响. 为了实现对水环境中阿特拉津的高效去除和吸附剂的重复利用,该研究通过溶液浸渍和高温煅烧技术将金属锆负载到活性炭上,制备出功能化材料Zr@AC,使用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、傅里叶变换红外吸收光谱仪(FTIR)和比表面及孔径分析仪(BET)对材料的形貌和组成进行了表征,并考察了Zr@AC对水中阿特拉津的去除效果. 结果表明:①当浸渍液锆离子的质量分数为7.0%、浸渍时间为9.0 h、煅烧温度为500 ℃和煅烧时间为5.0 h时,制备的Zr@AC具有较大的比表面积、较多的中孔和微孔以及丰富的活性位点. ②对阿特拉津的去除研究表明,当溶液pH为4.0、温度为25 ℃、Zr@AC投加量为60.0 mg/L时,经过90 min的反应,Zr@AC对阿特拉津的吸附容量最大,达到93.8 mg/g. ③动力学模拟研究表明,该吸附过程遵循拟二级动力学模型,且Freundlich等温吸附模型的拟合结果要优于Langmuir等温吸附模型,说明Zr@AC对阿特拉津的吸附存在化学吸附和多分子层吸附的双重作用. ④经过5次重复试验后,Zr@AC对阿特拉津的去除率仍有83.9%. 研究显示,Zr@AC可作为水中去除阿特拉津的吸附剂,是一种很有前途、可重复多次使用的材料.      

天津轻轨供电系统节约方案研究

以天津轻轨为例,对城市轨道供电系统建设和规划中优先考虑的工程造价、电源接入、高可靠性、建设周期较长的特点,对城市轨道交通中压网外部电源供电和运行方式、电压等级等作分析比较,遴选适合天津轻轨的供电方案.     

亚铁活化次氯酸钠降解土壤中阿特拉津

通过考察NaClO添加量、n(Fe2+)∶n(NaClO)、反应时间、土壤pH、腐植酸与无机阴离子对阿特拉津降解效率的影响,对比Fe2+/NaClO氧化处理后土壤微生物群落的变化情况,探究了FeSO4活化NaClO对土壤中阿特拉津的降解性能.结果 表明:当NaClO添加量为10 mmol,n(Fe2+)∶n(NaClO...     

《蕉坚稿》序文中所见绝海中津诗风评

明僧道衍在《蕉坚稿》序文中指出绝海中津的汉诗清婉峭雅,出于性情之正。本文结合道衍的诗论文章,分析道衍的诗学思想,考察清婉峭雅,出于性情之正的出处以及道衍此语所指具体含义,并结合具体作品分析绝海中津汉诗的风格特点。     

地下水除草剂阿特拉津污染微生物治理的实验研究

采用了从农药厂阿特拉津生产车间排污口污泥中分离出的菌种AT菌,进行了农药阿特拉津的静态降解实验及其污染地下水的微生物治理模拟实验研究结果表明,AT菌在pH值为5.0～10.0时对农药污染质阿特拉津均具有降解能力,且适宜的pH值范围为6.5～8.0;在实验条件(t=10℃,pH=7.5)与野外含水层的条件基本一致情况下,难于生物降解的污染质阿特拉津的一次投菌降解率达到31.08%;同时环境因素也随着AT菌作用的变化而变化,其中,DO、pH随AT菌作用加强而其值减小.另外,设计了细菌的投放方式以模拟野外条件下的菌种投加条件.并且AT菌的作用会造成被治理含水层的渗透性能降低,实验后含水层的渗透系数下降60.54%.清水冲洗10d的渗透性恢复率为48.96%,说明清水渗透恢复的方法效果明显.     

Effects of Cu（Ⅱ） and humic acid on atrazine photodegradation

This work was designed to explore the characteristics of photodegradation of herbicides in the copper-polluted water body. The results showed that Cu(II) alone could induce a photo Fenton-like reaction to enhance the degradation of atrazine, in which hydroxyl radical ( OH) was a main active species. Humic acids restrained atrazine degradation, nevertheless, when introducing Cu(II), the photodegradation was accelerated, in which singlet oxygen (1O2) replaced OH acting as the prevailing species. A feasible mechanism for the photochemical process was also proposed, which is helpful for better understanding the environmental photochemistry of atrazine in the copper-polluted water.     

Anomalous Ba/Ca signals associated with low temperature stresses in Porites corals from Daya Bay, northern South China Sea

Barium to calcium (Ba/Ca) ratio in corals has been considered as a useful geochemical proxy for upwelling, river flood and other oceanic processes. However, recent studies indicated that additional environmental or biological factors can influence the incorporation of Ba into coral skeletons. In this study, Ba/Ca ratios of two Porites corals collected from Daya Bay, northern South China Sea were analyzed. Ba/Ca signals in the two corals were ‘anomalous’ in comparison with Ba behaviors seen in other near-shore corals influenced by upwelling or riverine runoff. Our Ba/Ca profiles displayed similar and remarkable patterns characterized by low and randomly fluctuating background signals periodically interrupted by sharp and large synchronous peaks, clearly indicating an environmental forcing. Further analysis indicated that the Ba/Ca profiles were not correlated with previously claimed environmental factors such as precipitation, coastal upwelling, anthropogenic activities or phytoplankton blooms in other areas. The maxima of Ba/Ca appeared to occur in the period of Sr/Ca maxima, coinciding with the winter minimum temperatures, which suggests that the anomalous high Ba/Ca signals were related to winter-time low sea surface temperature. We speculated that the Ba/Ca peaks in corals of the Daya Bay were most likely the results of enrichment of Ba-rich particles in their skeletons when coral polyps retracted under the stresses of anomalous winter low temperatures. In this case, Ba/Ca ratio in relatively high-latitude corals can be a potential proxy for tracing the low temperature stress.     

施加牛粪有机肥对灰钙土吸附阿特拉津的影响机制

有机肥在改良土壤的同时也会改变农药的环境行为. 为明确施加牛粪有机肥对灰钙土吸附阿特拉津(ATZ)的影响作用及机制,采用批平衡试验,分析其吸附动力学、热力学以及牛粪施加量、pH、离子强度等因素对ATZ吸附的影响. 结果表明:①ATZ在灰钙土与施加牛粪灰钙土上的吸附均可分为快吸附、慢吸附直至平衡的过程,准二级动力学模型可较好地描述其吸附过程,施加有机肥增加了ATZ在灰钙土上的平衡时间,吸附速率受颗粒内扩散和外部液膜扩散共同控制. ②施加牛粪有机肥后,灰钙土对ATZ的吸附热力学更符合Freundlich模型,1/n在0.42~0.64之间,吸附属“L型”模式,低温和高温均会抑制ATZ在灰钙土上的吸附. ③pH和共存离子是影响ATZ在灰钙土上吸附的重要因素,随pH的升高,ATZ在灰钙土与施加牛粪灰钙土上的吸附量降低,这是由于碱性情况下,ATZ以阴离子存在,与带负电的灰钙土产生静电排斥作用;灰钙土施加牛粪有机肥后,共存阳离子对ATZ的吸附抑制作用明显,增加离子强度可能导致竞争吸附的存在,从而抑制有机离子在灰钙土上的吸附,且离子浓度越高,抑制越明显. 研究显示,土壤施加牛粪有机肥后,ATZ的吸附量增加,吸附由疏水性分配转变为多分子层化学吸附为主,表明施加牛粪有机肥会改变ATZ在灰钙土上的吸附行为和机制,降低ATZ在灰钙土中的迁移风险. 研究结果将为贫瘠黄土土壤改良风险和三嗪类农药的管控提供理论依据.      

重金属离子对凡纳滨对虾鳃丝Na+-K+-ATPase活力的影响

研究了3种重金属离子(Cu2 、Zn2 、Cd2 )对凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeusvannamei)鳃丝Na K ATPase活力的影响。结果表明:3种重金属离子对凡纳滨对虾鳃丝Na K ATPase活力的影响显著(p<0.05)而对照组变化不显著(p>0 05)。除0.05mg/LCd2 处理组凡纳滨对虾鳃丝Na K ATPase活力在实验时间内均表现为显著促进作用外,3种重金属离子低浓度组在短时间内对Na K ATPase活力出现暂时的激活现象,至24h后同高浓度组一样,随作用时间Na K ATPase活力逐渐降低,表现为显著性抑制的剂量效应关系。