Influences of working pressure on properties for TiO2 films deposited by DC pulse magnetron sputtering

TiO2 films were deposited at room temperature by DC pulse magnetron sputtering system.The crystalline structures,morphological features and photocatalytic activity of TiO2 films were systematically investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD),atomic force microscopy and ultraviolet spectrophotometer,respectively.The results indicated that the working pressure was the key deposition parameters influencing the TiO2 film phase composition at room temperature,which directly affected its photocatalytic activity.With increasing the working pressure,the target self-bias decreases monotonously.Therefore,low temperature TiO2 phase (anatase) could be deposited with high working pressure.The anatase TiO2 films deposited with 1.4 Pa working pressure displayed the highest photocatalytic activity by decomposition of Methyl Orange solution,which the degradation rate reached the maximum (35%) after irradiation by ultraviolet light for 1 h.     

废啤酒酵母吸附去除水溶液中活性红4

用废啤酒酵母作生物吸附剂吸附水溶液中活性红4(RR4),并对吸附性能进行了评价。通过电位滴定和FTIR分析表明废啤酒酵母上主要存在磺酸基、羧基及氨基等官能团。对溶液pH值、RR4浓度和吸附时间等因素对吸附的影响进行了研究,结果表明:废啤酒酵母对RR4的吸附速率快,320min即可达到吸附平衡;酸性条件利于吸附,碱性条件下则会发生解吸附,pH=11条件下解吸附率高于86%;等温吸附数据符合Langmuir模式,pH=2条件下废啤酒酵母对RR4的最大吸附量为103.36mg/g。     

Can phosphate compounds be used to reduce the plant uptake of Pb and resist the Pb stress in Pb-contaminated soils？

The effects of di erent phosphate-amendments on lead (Pb) uptake, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) in cauliflower (Brassica oleracea L.) in contaminated soils with 2500, or 5000 mg P2O5/kg soil of hydroxyapatite (HA), phosphate rock (PR), single-superphosphate (SSP) and the mix of HA/SSP (HASSP) were evaluated in pot experiments. Results showed that the Pb concentrations in shoots and roots decreased by 18.3%–51.6% and 16.8%–57.3% among the treatments respectively compared to the control samples. The e ciency order of these phosphate-amendments in reducing Pb uptake was as follows: HASSPt HA > SSP t PR.With the addition of SSP, HA and the mix of HA/SSP, the SOD activity in shoot was reduced markedly (P < 0.05) compared with that in the control group. For example, the SOD activities in shoot by the treatments of HASSP, SSP, and HA in 5000 mg P2O5/kg were found to be only 51.3%, 56.2%, and 56.7%, respectively. Similar e ects were also observed on the level of MDA in the shoots with a decrease in 24.5%–56.3%. The results verified the inference that phosphate compounds could be used to reduce the plant uptake of Pb and resist the Pb stress in the plant vegetated in Pb-contaminated soils.     

城市污水中的生物毒性及其臭氧削减效果研究

分别利用酵母双杂交和umu试验对5个城市9个污水处理厂进出水中生物遗传毒性和视黄酸受体(BAR)结合活性进行了调查.并考察了臭氧氧化对这两种生物效应的去除效果.结果表明,城市污水中存在不同程度的生物遗传毒性和视黄酸受体(RAR)结合活性,通过生物处理可以大幅削减污水中的RAR结合活性和生物遗传毒性,但污水厂出水中仍然普遍具有遗传毒性,部分残留RAR结合活性.5～10mg·L-1的臭氧可以有效削减二级出水中残留的BAR结合活性和遗传毒性,是一种有效的提高水质安全性的污水深度处理技术.     

一种测定活性污泥中高等微生物活性的方法

采用机械破碎方式灭活活性污泥中高等微生物,并通过测定破碎前后泥样耗氧速率(OUR)之差别间接计算高等微生物的活性作用.实验结果表明,以分散机破碎活性污泥,高等微生物均可被有效地破碎灭活,且再培养138h后不再恢复.与此同时,对酵母菌破碎实验显示,机械破碎并未对其数量、形态以及活性产生太大影响,这表明机械破碎亦不会对个体尺寸比酵母菌更小的细菌构成任何影响.为使破碎前后活性污泥絮凝体形态基本一致,将破碎后的泥样经离心处理,以尽可能使絮凝体恢复如初(以SVI衡量).通过比较破碎前后泥样的OUR并计算可知,高等微生物活性相对于活性污泥总活性约占12%～14%.     

稀土对雏鸡生物效应影响的研究

稀土进入生物体后会引起一系列生物效应,影响各种酶的活性,随着稀土离子的种类和浓度不同及酶的种类的差异,有时起激活作用,有时起抑制作用．     

Ca改性生物炭对土壤磷赋存形态影响及稳定化机制

针对湖库周边农田淹没后土壤磷释放风险控制的问题,采用共热解法制备Ca改性生物炭（Ca-BC）,通过X射线光电子能谱分析（XPS）、X射线多晶粉末衍射分析（XRD）、吸附实验和模拟培养实验等,进行Ca-BC 对土壤磷赋存形态影响和稳定化机制研究.结果表明,Ca-BC 吸附磷的过程符合Langmuir（R² = 0.940）和一级吸附动力学模型（R² = 0.961）,表明该吸附过程为化学作用主导的单层吸附,最大吸附量达到267.93 mg·g^-1.模拟培养实验表明,当Ca-BC添加量为1%时,土壤中较活跃性的交换态磷形态从7.42%下降至4.59%. XRD结果表明,Ca-BC吸附磷后出现Ca₃（PO₄）₂和Ca₅（PO₄）₃（OH）吸收峰,证明磷酸盐在生物炭表面形成较稳定的晶体沉淀.XPS分析表明,生物炭表面羰基官能团参与磷固定过程,提高了生物炭对磷的吸附能力.总体来讲,Ca-BC 添加量大于1%时,对磷的释放有较好的固定能力,具备对土壤磷释放控制的潜在应用价值.     

球形棕囊藻抑藻活性化合物筛选及抑藻微球制备

首先评价了胆固醇、棕榈酸单甘油酯、玉米黄素、对羟基苯乙醇、豆甾醇、尿嘧啶核苷、亚油酸、十七烷酸、异植醇、半胱氨酸、海藻糖和二十二碳酸甲酯12种化合物对赤潮微藻球形棕囊藻生长的抑制作用,筛选到最具有抑藻剂开发前景的化合物——亚油酸。在此基础上,将亚油酸制备成微球,采用单因素实验和正交实验相结合的方式得到优化的微球制备条件：亚油酸质量浓度50μg/mL、海藻酸钠质量分数0.500%、CaCl₂质量分数1.00%、体系pH 4.0、水浴温度60℃、壳聚糖质量分数0.5%。优化条件下制备得到的亚油酸微球载药率和包封率分别为49.06%、81.76%,对球形棕囊藻的第4天生长抑制率可达52.21%。