The culture of compound bioflocculant and the analysis of its activated components

利用农业固体废弃物秸秆类纤维素为原料制备复合型生物絮凝剂（CBF）,优化了CBF的培育条件。同时解析了CBF活性物质在发酵液中的分布,并对CBF的活性组分进行了研究。结果表明,在高效纤维素降解菌HIT-3的作用下,秸秆类纤维素发酵3天产糖量达到高峰,此时接入CBF产生菌于灭菌后的纤维素发酵液中,在30℃、140r/min的旋转式摇床上培养36h,整个过程中只需将纤维素发酵培养基的pH值调节到7.2。在上述条件下CBF可获得较优的絮凝效果;多糖是CBF的主要组成成分,CBF的热稳定性良好。其絮凝活性物质主要分布在上清液中。     

MnO2/Al2O3催化剂-微气泡臭氧体系催化降解喹啉及其机理

制备了纳米MnO₂,并以Al₂O₃为载体制备了掺杂型MnO₂/Al₂O₃颗粒催化剂.催化剂焙烧温度和时间分别为500℃和4 h、MnO₂质量分数为8%时,催化剂具有最高的臭氧催化氧化活性.SEM分析表明,纳米MnO₂均匀分布于Al₂O₃载体表面.MnO₂/Al₂O₃催化剂的比表面积（BET）为183.22 m²·g^-1,平均孔容为0.27 cm³·g^-1,平均孔径为4.87 nm.建立了MnO₂/Al₂O₃催化剂-微气泡臭氧催化反应体系,研究了该体系对喹啉的降解去除效果及其机理.臭氧微气泡的平均粒径为61.7 μm.微气泡臭氧投量为30 mg·L^-1时,反应60 min后喹啉去除率能达到95%以上;反应20 min后,MnO₂/Al₂O₃催化剂-微气泡臭氧体系对实际煤化工废水二级出水的TOC去除率可达到55%以上.以叔丁醇作为分子探针,证明了羟基自由基（·OH）氧化作用在臭氧微气泡催化氧化体系中对喹啉的降解起到主导作用.     

Co3O4/BiVO4复合阳极活化过一硫酸盐强化光电催化降解双酚A

采用静电纺丝法制备了Co_3O_4/BiVO_4复合薄膜电极,并以之为光阳极,在过一硫酸盐(PMS)辅助作用下开展了光电催化降解双酚A研究.结果表明,PMS在可见光下可显著强化Co_3O_4/BiVO_4复合阳极光电催化降解双酚A,在0.25 V外加偏压以及可见光照射下,当加入2 mmol·L-1PMS时,双酚A在2 h内的降解效率为96%.降解动力学常数为0.471 4 min-1.系统研究了PMS初始浓度、外加偏压对双酚A降解性能的影响.结果发现,双酚A在较低的PMS投加量和较低的外加偏压(0.25 V)下即可有效降解.采用电子自旋共振波谱仪鉴定体系的主要活性自由基为SO·-4和·OH.并进一步通过淬灭实验结果证明空穴、SO·-4和·OH起主要氧化作用.光电反应后的体系中未检测到金属离子溶出,可避免二次污染.     

载体对周丛生物生物量和群落的影响研究

周丛生物在环境领域有多种应用,载体作为其附着基质,有着重要作用。考察了5种载体上周丛生物的生物量、光合活性和基于16S rRNA和18S rRNA高通量测序分析的群落特征,结果显示不同载体的周丛生物各有优势。PP上周丛生物的生物量最高(P0.05),初期蓝细菌相对丰度达59.62%,说明其有利于生物量积累和蓝细菌附着。接触角为22°的花岗岩上周丛生物初期原核与真核生物的丰富度和多样性均最高,且Fv/Fm高于其他载体7%～9%,说明其适合更多种类微生物定殖,特别是高光合活性的生物附着,反映亲水表面更有利于多种微生物定殖。樟子松的周丛生物氮含量仅次于PP,反硝化细菌相对丰度达29%,反映出氮转化潜力相对较高。     

水体中氨氮污染来源及其控制——富营养化的思考

本文从营养学的角度,叙述氮源对水体富营养化的产生和危害,并从生态系统中物质循环分析氨氮的多方来源,根据其不同来源提出相应的控制措施。     

Fe2O3 particles as superior catalysts for low temperature selective catalytic reduction of NO with NH3

Fe203 particle catalysts were experimentally studied in the low temperature selective catalytic reduction （SCR） of NO with NH3. The effects of reaction temperature, oxygen concentration, [NH3]/[NO] molar ratio and residence time on SCR activity were studied. It was found that Fe203 catalysts had high activity for the SCR of NO with NH3 in a broad temperature range of 150-270℃, and more than 95% NO conversion was obtained at 180℃ when the molar ratio [NH3]/[NO] = 1, the residence time was 0.48 seconds and 02 volume fraction was 3%. In addition, the effect of SO2 on SCR catalytic activity was also investigated at the temperature of 180℃. The results showed that deactivation of the Fe2O3 particles occurred due to the presence of SO2 and the NO conversion decreased from 99.2% to 58% in 240 min, since SO2 gradually decreased the catalytic activity of the catalysts. In addition, X-ray diffraction, Thermogravimetric analysis and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were used to characterize the fresh and deactivated Fe2O3 catalysts. The results showed that the deactivation caused by SO2 was due to the formation of metal sulfates and ammonium sulfates on the catalyst surface during the de-NO reaction, which could cause pore plugging and result in suppression of the catalytic activity.     

间歇曝气模式下曝气量对短程硝化恢复的影响

采用SBR反应器在间歇曝气模式下对搁置2个月的短程硝化污泥进行恢复,控制曝气量分别为120、100、80和60L·h-1,在温度为25℃、交替好氧/缺氧时间比为30 min/30 min条件下处理实际生活污水,进水氨氮浓度为50~80 mg·L~(-1),出水氨氮浓度分别在第12、18、21和21周期之后稳定在5 mg·L~(-1)以下,氨氮去除率均高达95.00%左右;第30、35、38和42周期时,亚硝氮积累浓度分别达到20.83、22.81、21.50和20.73 mg·L~(-1),硝氮出水浓度均低于0.5 mg·L~(-1),亚硝积累率均高于99%,氨氧化菌(AOB)活性最终均稳定在100.00%左右,而亚硝酸盐氧化菌(NOB)活性逐渐被抑制,4种曝气量下均成功实现了短程硝化的恢复.     

5种天然矿物修复铅污染沉积物的实验研究

以重金属离子Pb2+为研究对象,通过吸附解吸实验,研究了沸石、方解石、钾长石、钙基和钠基膨润土等5种天然矿物材料对水体中Pb2+的吸附固定效果,它们的吸附等温线都符合Langmuir等温吸附模型。结果表明试验所用方解石对Pb2+的饱和吸附量约为185mg/g,是其他几种材料的2～3倍,而且方解石对Pb2+具有明显的不可逆吸附现象,使得吸附后的Pb很难解析下来,说明方解石对水溶液中Pb2+的固定能力非常强。利用模拟自然水体性质的电解液对方解石吸附后Pb的生物有效性进行评价,结果表明被方解石固定后Pb的生物有效性非常低。最后结合方解石作为原位活性覆盖材料的经济可行性和生态风险性分析,说明方解石作为重金属污染沉积物修复的原位活性覆盖材料具有较强的实际可操作性,为后继的重金属污染沉积物的原位活性覆盖技术提供理论支持。     

利用δ15N-NO3-和δ18O-NO3-示踪北京城区河流硝酸盐来源

为定量化识别北京城区河流硝酸盐来源,采用δ~(15)N-NO~-_3和δ~(18)O-NO~-_3双同位素示踪法对北京城区河流河水硝酸盐的氮氧稳定同位素组成进行分析,利用稳定同位素混合模型追溯北京城区河流硝酸盐来源,并评估各污染源的贡献率.结果表明:1北京河流无机氮污染以硝酸盐氮(NO~-_3-N)污染为主,且河流下游硝酸盐氮污染较为严重.2北京城区地表河流δ~(15)N-NO~-_3值范围为6.26‰~24.94‰,δ~(18)O-NO~-_3值范围为-0.41‰~11.74‰;下游δ~(15)N-NO~-_3值比上游大.3根据稳定同位素混合模型,北京河流中硝酸盐贡献率平均值分别为:粪肥及生活污水61.2%、土壤有机氮31.5%、大气沉降7.3%.     

Preparation and characterization of Fe2O3-CeO2-TiO2/γ-Al2O3 catalyst for degradation dye wastewater

In order to develop a catalyst with high activity for catalytic wet oxidation (CWO) process at room temperature and atmospheric pressure, Fe2O3-CeO2-TiO2/γ-Al2O3 catalyst was prepared by consecutive impregnation method and the prepared parameters were optimized. The structure of the catalyst was characterized by BET, XRF, SEM and XPS technologies, and the actual wastewater was used to investigate the catalytic activity of Fe2O3-CeO2-TiO2/γ-Al2O3 in CWO process. The experimental results showed that the prepared catalyst exhibited good catalytic activity when the doping amount of Ti was 1.0 wt% (the weight ratio of Ti to carriers), and the middle product, CeO2-TiO2/γ-Al2O3, was calcined in 450℃ for 2 h. The CWO experiment for treating actual dye wastewater indicated that the COD, color and TOC of actual wastewater were decreased by 62.23%, 50.12% and 41.26% in 3 h,respectively, and the ratio of BOD5/COD was increased from 0.19 to 0.30.