活性焦烟气脱硫技术在大型燃煤电站的应用

本文通过分析活性焦烟气脱硫技术的主要原理、工艺流程、主要原料消耗、脱硫副产品综合利用、SO2污染物达标情况,探讨该技术在内蒙古地区大型燃煤电站脱硫工程应用的可行性.     

UV-Fenton体系处理活性黑KNB染料废水的实验研究

采用UV-Fenton体系处理活性黑KNB染料废水.研究了pH值、H2O2和FeSO4用量、反应温度和反应时间等对染料废水脱色率的影响.实验结果表明,当KNB的初始浓度为50mg/L时,在t=25℃、pH =5.4、[H2O2]=0.2ml/L,[FeSO4]=0.7mmol/L,使用30W的紫外灯光照射条件,反应1小时后,KNB染料废水脱色率几乎可达100％.通过比较反应前后染料废水的UV-Vis吸收光谱,初步探讨了KNB的降解机理.研究表明,UV-Fenton体系可以有效地处理活性黑KNB染料废水,为该工艺处理实际染料废水提供基础数据.     

氟化物排放分析及防治对策探讨——以包头铝业股份有限责任公司为例

本论文通过对包头铝业股份有限责任公司排氟源的测试,分析研究有组织和天窗无组织排放氟化物贡献率,并提出科学合理的污染防治措施。研究表明,电解车间天窗无组织排放所占的污染贡献率较大,对周边环境的污染影响严重,是造成周边环境质量超标的主要原因;提高烟气的捕集效率,减少从天窗排放的无组织烟气以达到控制环境污染的目的是一条比较实际、可行的措施。具体控制措施如下:第一,加强对电解铝厂技术工人的技术教育和培训,提高工人的操作技能,严格生产管理,制定相应的规章制度;第二,科学控制排烟量;第三,尝试使用新的技术手段。     

土地利用变化对土壤硝化及氨氧化细菌区系的影响

以西藏高原相邻的原始森林、天然草原和农田土壤为研究对象,分别采用室内培养法和nested PCR-DGGE技术,对比研究了这3个生态系统的土壤硝化势、硝态氮浓度以及土壤氨氧化细菌（AOB）菌群区系.结果表明,农田土壤的硝化势和硝态氮（NO 3--N）浓度显著高于相邻的草原和森林土壤,硝化势分别是森林和草原土壤的9倍和11倍,NO 3--N是农田土壤无机氮（Nmin）的主要成分,占无机氮的70%～90%.铵态氮（NH 4＋-N）则是森林和草原土壤中主要的无机氮形态.原始森林和天然草原间的硝化势和硝态氮浓度没有显著差异.原始森林的土壤AOB菌群数量、多样性及均匀度最低.天然草原生态系统转换为农田后,土壤AOB菌群的多样性和均匀度显著降低,但是农田土壤的AOB菌群结构仍与其前身草原生态系统有较高的相似性.原始森林的AOB菌群数量、多样性及均匀度最低直接导致了其硝化势最低;农田土壤的硝化势和硝态氮浓度最高意味着农田生态系统中优势AOB的活性最高.以上结果表明,土地利用变化导致土壤氮素内循环及其关键微生物AOB的多样性与活性均发生显著变化,这些变化会影响土壤环境质量以及生态系统的持续与稳定.     

刘铁男：要加快推进铝工业的优化升级

8月25日,由国务院参事室和中国有色金属工业协会共同举办的＂促进铝应用高层论坛＂在北京钓鱼台国宾馆召开。国家发改委刘铁男副主任出席论坛并致辞。     

芽孢杆菌 B1胞外活性物质对球形棕囊藻的溶藻特性研究

从珠海香洲码头赤潮海水中分离获得1株对球形棕囊藻有显著溶藻效果的芽孢杆菌B1,研究了B1对棕囊藻的溶藻作用方式,溶藻过程中藻细胞结构变化,并采用透析、乙醇沉淀、有机溶剂萃取、酸碱及热稳定性分析等方法探讨了溶藻活性物质的性质.结果表明,B1无菌滤液对棕囊藻有较强的溶藻效应,除藻率达94.9%,B1通过分泌活性物质间接对球形棕囊藻的生长产生抑制;藻培养液中加入B1无菌滤液16 h后,藻细胞发生团聚,细胞壁失去完整性,56 h后藻细胞破碎,胞内物质溶出;相对分子质量<3 500的分泌物是溶藻过程中起主要作用的活性物质,具有较强极性和热稳定性,在121℃加热20 min后,仍然有良好的溶藻能力,除藻率达92.6%,活性物质在pH 9.0左右溶藻能力较强,在乙醇中不发生沉淀反应,由此推测该活性物质为含有酸性或碱性基团的非生物活性分子,不属于蛋白质、核酸、多糖等物质.     

应用分子生物学与同位素示踪技术研究厌氧氨氧化菌活性及功效

厌氧氨氧化是一个新发现的氮循环途径,与反硝化作用都产生氮气,但准确衡量厌氧氨氧化活性及功效的相关方法还是个难题.本研究联合应用分子生物学与同位索示踪技术,以北京某污水处理厂的活性污泥为实验样品,研究其中厌氧氨氧化菌的存在、活性和功效.厌氧氨氧化菌的分子生物学分析是通过16S rRNA进行,选择两步引物分别为pla46-...     

温室条件下UV-B辐射对蓝藻结皮生长和超微结构的影响

UV-B辐射是野外蓝藻结皮经常面临的一种环境胁迫因子.报道了温室条件下UV-B辐射对蓝藻结皮形态、生理和超微结构特征的影响.在本研究中,首先通过接种具鞘微鞘藻和爪哇伪枝藻形成初始蓝藻结皮,接着以初始蓝藻结皮为材料进行3种辐射处理:光合有效辐射、UV-B辐射+光合有效辐射和N-乙酰半胱氨酸+UV-B辐射+光合有效辐射.在...     

Effects of Cu（Ⅱ） and humic acid on atrazine photodegradation

This work was designed to explore the characteristics of photodegradation of herbicides in the copper-polluted water body. The results showed that Cu(II) alone could induce a photo Fenton-like reaction to enhance the degradation of atrazine, in which hydroxyl radical ( OH) was a main active species. Humic acids restrained atrazine degradation, nevertheless, when introducing Cu(II), the photodegradation was accelerated, in which singlet oxygen (1O2) replaced OH acting as the prevailing species. A feasible mechanism for the photochemical process was also proposed, which is helpful for better understanding the environmental photochemistry of atrazine in the copper-polluted water.     

Antimicrobial activity of thin metallic silver flakes, waste products of a manufacturing process

The aim of the research was to develop new products and processes from a manufacturing waste from an Italian metallurgic company. The company produced thin silver metallic films and the production scraps were silver flakes. The possibility to use the silver flakes in water disinfection processes was studied. The antimicrobial activity of the flakes was investigated in batch using Escherichia coli as Gram-negative microorganism model. The flakes did not show any antimicrobial activity, so they were activated with two different processes: thermal activation in reducing atmosphere and chemical activation, obtaining, respectively, reduced flakes (RF) and chemical flakes (CF). The flakes, activated with either treatment, showed antimicrobial activity against E. coli. The kill rate was dependent on the type of activated flakes. The chemical flakes were more efficient than reduced flakes. The kill rate determined for 1 g of CF, 1.0 ± 0.2 min⁻¹, was greater than the kill rate determined for 1 g of RF, 0.069 ± 0.004 min⁻¹. This was confirmed also by the minimum inhibitory concentration values. It was demonstrated that the antimicrobial capability was dependent on flakes amount and on the type of aqueous medium. Furthermore, the flakes maintained their properties also when used a second time. Finally, the antimicrobial activities of flakes were tested in an effluent of a wastewater treatment plant where a variety of heterotrophic bacteria were present.