化学需氧量快速测定法与标准法比较

《水和废水监测分析方法》中规定的重铬酸钾标准法化学需氧量需要消化回流２小时，药品用量也较大。该实验采用ＸＪ－Ｉ型ＣＯＤ消解装置（广东省环境保护仪器设备厂）对标准试样进行精密度及准确度实验；对部分重点工业废水、生活污水，地表水进行两种方法的比较实验。     

百善煤矿通风系统阻力测定及分析

为掌握百善煤矿井下通风阻力分布及井下通风系统稳定性,根据百善煤矿通风系统实际情况,选择6条测定路线,采用精密气压计逐点测定法,对其通风系统阻力进行测定,全面掌握矿井通风系统的阻力分布情况。分析结果表明:百善煤矿通风系统阻力分布基本合理,风量能够满足矿井实际生产的需求,矿井通风阻力主要集中在回风段。笔者针对百善煤矿通风系统的稳定性提出了合理的建议。     

水中阴离子洗涤剂测定方法的改进

根据实际工作经验，本文对标准曲线绘制方法和有机溶剂用量进行了减半改进，优化了显色剂的用量及萃取分析条件，其相对误差在0．5％以内，加标回收率在97．8％-98．5％之间，精密度和准确度均达到了要求，和标准方法相比测定结果无显著差异。     

Determination of methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) in Chinese fuels by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and gas chromatography/flame ionization detector

A method was developed to determine the concentration of methyl tert-butyl ether(MTBE) in gasoline,diesel and heating oil by gas chromatography(GC) with mass spectrometry(GC-MS) or flame ionization detection(FID). The diluted gasoline was directly injected into the GC, and the complete separation of MTBE from co-eluting hydrocarbons was not required. GC/MS or GC/FID method can be used to analyze MTBE in different concentration range and have good consistency.     

离子色谱／氢化物发生／原子吸收法测定天然淡水中的4种砷形态

首次用国产YSA－Ⅲ型阴离子交换树脂色谱柱,以离子色谱／氢化物发生／原子吸收联用方法,测定天然淡水中４种主要砷形态：亚砷酸盐,砷酸盐,甲基胂酸盐和二甲基胂酸盐。检出限依次为0.28,0.50,0.12和0.18ppbAs,较低于同类方法。实际水样2ngAs/mL加标回收率为93.0％～107.8％。给出几种淡水样中砷形态的分析结果。     

Determination of arsenic in air particulates and diesel exhaust particulates by spectrophotometry

A method was developed for the determination of trace arsenic by spectrophotometry. The proposed method is rapid, simple,and inexpensive. This method can be used for sensitive determination of trace arsenic in environmental samples and especially in air particulates. The results obtained by this method as a proposed method were compared with those obtained by hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry as a popular reported method for the determination of arsenic and an excellent agreement was found between them. The method was also used for determination of arsenic associated with airborne particulate matter and diesel exhaust particulates.The results showed that considerable amount of arsenic are associated with diesel engine particulates. The variation in concentration of arsenic was also investigated. The atmospheric concentration of arsenic was different in different sampling stations was dependent to the traffic density.     

A cleaner two-step synthesis of high purity diallyldimethylammonium chloride monomers for flocculant preparation

In order to improve the flocculation efficiency of polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride（PDADMAC）, high molecular weight PDADMAC should be prepared from high purity diallyldimethylammonium chloride（DADMAC） monomers. In this paper, a cleaner method with microwave irradiation and alkali solidification was proposed for preparing high pure DADMAC by selective heating under low temperature, and the prepared high purity DADMAC is characterized using FTIR and atomic absorption spectrometry. The new method provides a solution to the key technical problem of PDADMAC synthesis. Comparing with the conventional methods, the results showed that the advantages of the novel synthesis include： （a） high purity DADMAC is improved from 57% to 71% ; （b） reaction time of tertiary amine preparation is shortened from 6 h to 7 min; （c） water instead of acetone was used as reaction medium; （d） toxic by-products, wastewater and waste gas are eliminated. Flocculant made from the synthesized high purity DADMAC monomers was proved more efficient in flocculation tests.     

荧光染色法测定活性污泥中的活性生物量

活性污泥中活性微生物量是表征污染物去除能力的重要指标。探索了荧光染色法直接检测活性细菌的原理和测定方法,结果表明,大肠杆菌、唾液链球菌和铜绿假单胞杆菌的活菌细胞浓度与荧光光强的线性相关度都超过0.95;在惰性颗粒物浓度为20 mg/L到60 mg/L的范围内,其对荧光光强的影响可通过线性关系修正;搅拌速度为1 000 r/min且搅拌10 min时前处理效果最好。     

水中二氧化氯,氯,亚氯酸根和氯酸根区分测定法

为了保护人类健康制定卫生规范,同时为ＣｌＯ２的研究和应用提供基础手段,必须要建立一种能准确区分测定水中ＣｌＯ２,Ｃｌ２,ＣｌＯ＾－１２,ＣｌＯ＾－３浓度的方法。回顾了现有水中ＣｌＯ２,Ｃｌ２,ＣｌＯ＾－２和ＣｌＯ＾－３的区分测定方法,评述了各种测定方法的优缺点和适用性,指出了目前在区分测定这恨氧化物的方法中存在的问题,提出了解决问题的途径。     

浙江南麂列岛海域贝类中的麻痹性贝类毒素研究

为弄清麻痹性贝类毒素(PSP)在我国首个国家海洋自然保护区浙江南麂海域的分布,于2006年4月~2007年3月间,在该海域主要养殖区设立了6个采样点,以厚壳贻贝(Mytilus coruscus)、条纹隔贻贝(Septifer virgatus)、紫贻贝(M.edulis)、虾夷扇贝(Pecten yessoensis)、太平洋牡蛎(Crassostrea gigas)和野生牡蛎(Ostreasp)为对象逐月采样,用小白鼠生物测定法进行麻痹性贝毒测定。结果显示,南麂海域PSP含量普遍较低,检出率为11.7%,检出值均低于我国目前暂定的400 Mu/100g警戒值;PSP的季节变化十分明显,主要出现在春季和冬季,其它季节没有检出;该毒素主要分布于大沙岙、马祖岙、火焜岙3个海区的湾内,有较明显的地理分布特征;易受该毒素污染的贝类主要为人工养殖的虾夷扇贝、紫贻贝及野生的牡蛎。