微囊藻毒素对不同生育期水稻生长的影响

灌溉水中的微囊藻毒素不仅会影响作物生长与产量,还可能沿食物链传递而威胁人类健康。以水稻为试材,研究了不同质量浓度(1μg/L、100μg/L、1 000μg/L、3 000μg/L)微囊藻毒素(MCs)对幼苗期和孕穗期水稻生长与成熟期水稻产量的影响,以及MCs在3个生育期水稻中的积累。结果表明:处理7 d后,1μg/L MCs处理对幼苗期水稻生长有一定促进作用,而对孕穗期水稻生长没有影响,高质量浓度MCs(≥100μg/L)抑制幼苗期和孕穗期水稻的生长;胁迫结束且恢复7 d后,100μg/L处理组孕穗期水稻根长、根表面积恢复能力强于幼苗期,株高、叶面积低于幼苗期,而1 000μg/L和3 000μg/L MCs组水稻各指标不仅未恢复,且劣于胁迫期,水稻产量下降92.4%和95.2%。用酶联免疫法检测发现,胁迫后MCs均在水稻体内富集。对于相同质量浓度MCs处理,幼苗期水稻各器官富集能力最大,孕穗期次之,成熟期最小。3 000μg/L MCs处理组的水稻谷粒中MCs质量比达21.2μg/kg,使人体每天摄入MCs的量可能高于世界卫生组织规定的人体每天吸收MCs的上限值。     

2014—2018年铁路辖区职工癌胚抗原检测结果与分析

为了解某铁路辖区职工癌胚抗原异常情况,探讨该人群癌胚抗原异常检测结果的影响因素,以提出防控策略,采用全自动电化学发光仪对2014—2018年铁路辖区职工的癌胚抗原进行测定,共检测159 214份。结果表明,癌胚抗原异常率12.1%,56～60岁人群癌胚抗原异常率最高、为14.5%,男性职工癌胚抗原异常率高于女性,血糖偏高人群癌胚抗原异常率为16.5%。最后提出应进一步重视检测结果,充分利用铁路现有卫生资源,采取健康体检、健康宣传、健康休养、健康管理的防控手段。     

我国14个站点降水中甲酸和乙酸浓度及对酸性的贡献

为了较全面地掌握我国大气降水中有机酸含量及其对降水酸性的贡献,于2007年全年在我国14个区域代表性较好的站点采集了降水样品,利用离子交换色谱法分析了样品中的甲酸和乙酸2种重要有机酸的浓度,对所得各站数据进行了统计分析,计算了2种酸的湿沉降通量和对降水酸性的相对贡献.观测到的14个站点甲酸和乙酸平均浓度范围分别为0.96～3.43μmol/L和0～5.13μmol/L,接近国外偏远地区观测结果,也接近我国过去短期观测结果的低端值.比较显示,偏远地区有机酸含量低于城市附近地区.估算的甲酸和乙酸湿沉降通量范围分别为0.38～4.18mmol/(m2.a)和0.06～5.87mmol/(m2.a),南方站点有机酸湿沉降通量大于北方.有机酸对降水酸性的贡献范围是0.02%～51.6%,总平均贡献为2.95%,这一结果表明,虽然我国酸雨主要是硫、氮排放造成的,但有机酸在部分地区及部分时段甚至有很显著的致酸作用,应该成为酸雨观测研究内容之一.     

动态水流条件下河流底泥污染物(COD_(Cr))释放研究

为了研究不同水深、流速等水动力条件对底泥中污染物释放强度的影响,以苏州河底泥为例,通过水槽试验,分析了动态水流条件下河流底泥中污染物释放及其对上覆水体水质的影响.结果表明,CODCr释放率随时间的增大而增大,但CODCr释放强度随时间的增大而减小.底泥中污染物释放率与水深和流速有关,在相同水深的条件下,底泥的释放率随着流速的增加而增大;在相同流速的条件下,底泥的释放率随着水深的增大而减小.在水深10cm、流速0.10m.s-1的动态水流条件下,底泥向上覆水体释放CODCr的释放强度与时间的关系为:C=1.06C0e-0.06t.     

Fe2+浓度对生物产氢动力学的影响

研究了Fe²⁺在0～1 500 mg/L 范围内对混合细菌发酵产氢动力学的影响.结果表明,以葡萄糖为底物,在35℃ 和初始pH为7.0时,当Fe²⁺浓度为0～300 mg/L 时,混合细菌发酵葡萄糖的最大累积产氢量和平均产氢速率都随着Fe²⁺浓度的增加而增加;当Fe²⁺浓度为300 mg/L 时,最大累积产氢量和平均产氢速率最高,分别为302.3 mL和30.0 mL/h .当Fe²⁺浓度为0～350 mg/L 时,比产氢率随着Fe²⁺浓度的增加而增加,当Fe²⁺浓度为350 mg/L 时,最大比产氢率为311.2 mL/g .修正的Logistic模型能很好地描述累积产氢量随时间的变化规律.修正的Han-Levenspiel模型能很好地描述Fe²⁺浓度对平均产氢速率的影响.     

富含聚磷菌的好氧颗粒污泥的培养与特性

以实验室SBR反应器为载体.接种普通活性污泥,探讨了富集聚磷菌和培养好氧颗粒污泥同时实现的可行性,以交替负荷的方法培养2个月后,富含聚磷菌的好氧颗粒污泥形成.颗粒形成后逐步改变碳源种类以提供选择压.淘汰系统中存在的聚糖菌.结果表明,与丙酸相比,乙酸更适合富含聚磷菌的好氧颗粒污泥的生存,以乙酸为碳源,系统吸放磷量更多.颗粒平均粒径更大(2 mm),颗粒的性能指标(沉降速度、含水率、呼吸速率、密度、完整度系数)部相对优于以丙酸为碳源时的情况.以工艺检测和分子生物学手段双重检测颗粒形成过程,发现颗粒吸放磷能力的逐渐提高伴随着聚磷菌占微生物总量的比例越来越大.富集培养结束时聚磷菌占总菌的70%左右.实验证明,富含聚磷菌的好氧颗粒污泥具有优异的污染物去除能力,其对COD去除率可达95%以上,对磷的去除可达100%.     

大连湾口陡坡处的潮流和混合特征

对大连湾湾口断面处3个站的海流和温度盐度剖面进行了周日同步观测,在此基础上,计算并讨论了大连湾口断面处的潮流和混合的分布特征。结果表明,大连湾湾口的潮流类型为非正规半日潮流,M2分潮流为其优势分潮流;大连湾口陡坡处的平均混合率较强,约为10-3m2/s,混合率的最大值约为10-2m2/s,是大洋混合率背景场的1 000倍,主要发生在上层和底层。潮流与地形的相互作用为混合提供了能量来源。     

Adsorption characteristic of bensulfuron-methyl at variable added Pb^2＋ concentrations on paddy soils

The combined pollution of heavy metal Pb²⁺ and bensulfuron-methyl (BSM), originating from chemical herbicides, in agroecological environments has become commonplace in southern China. The adsorption of BSM on three paddy soils in the presence of Pb²⁺ was examined using high-performance liquid chromatograph (HPLC). Results indicated that adsorption of BSM could accurately be described by a Freundlich isotherm equation with correlation constant (R) > 0.98, irrespective of the presence of spiked Pb²⁺. Of the various factors influencing BSM sorption, soil pH appeared to be the most influential. The constant K_f of Freundlich isotherm equation tended to increase with increasing Pb²⁺ concentration in soil which indicated that the spiked of Pb²⁺ in paddy soils would promote the sorption of BSM. ΔG^θ of BSM in three paddy soils was less than 40 kJ/mol in all treatments, indicating the adsorption of BSM is mainly physical in nature. The elution of soil dissolved organic matter (DOM) enhanced the adsorption of BSM in paddy soils. The mechanisms involved in the promotion effects of the spiked Pb²⁺ on BSM adsorption might be the modified surface characteristics of paddy soil solids due to the soil acidification and the increase of soil organic matter concentration because of DOM binding.     

Quinone-mediated decolorization of sulfonated azo dyes by cells and cell extracts from Sphingomonas xenophaga

The effects of various quinone compounds on the decolorization rates of sulfonated azo dyes by Sphingomonas xenophaga QYY were investigated. The results showed that anthraquinone-2-sulfonate (AQS) was the most effective redox mediator and AQS reduction was the rate-limited step of AQS-mediated decolorization of sulfonated azo dyes. Based on AQS biological toxicity tests, it was assumed that AQS might enter the cells to kill them. In the cytoplasmic extracts from strain QYY, AQS effectively increased decolorization rates of sulfonated azo dyes than other quinone compounds. In addition, we found a NADH/FMN-dependent AQS reductase using nondenaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (Native-PAGE).     

Concentrations and chemical forms of potentially toxic metals in road-deposited sediments from different zones of Hangzhou, China

The 25 road-deposited sediments were collected from five different land-use zones (industrial, residential, commercial, park, and countryside) in Hangzhou, China. The concentrations of metals (Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn) in these samples were determined using the ICP-AES after digestion with the mixture of HNO3-HF-HCl (aqua regia), and chemically fractionated using the modified BCR (the European Community Bureau of Reference) sequential extraction procedure. The highest metal concentration level was detected in the sample from industrial zone and commercial zone having heavy traffic. While the lowest metal level was noted in the street dust sample from residential zone, park, and countryside zone. The mobility sequence based on the sum of the BCR sequential extraction stages was: Zn (80.28%), Pb (78.68%), Cd (77.66%) ＞ Cu (73.34%) ＞ Mn (67.92%) ＞ Co (41.66%) ＞ Ni (30.36%) ＞ Cr (21.56%), Fe (20.86%). Correlation analysis and principal component analysis were applied to the data matrix to evaluate the analytical results and to identify the possible pollution sources of metals. Factor analysis showed that these areas were mainly contaminated by three sources, namely lithology, traffic, and industry.