保护里海框架条约签订

经过8年酝酿,阿塞拜疆、伊朗、俄罗斯、哈萨克斯埋和土库曼斯坦等国部长已于2 0 0 3年1 1月最终签订保护里海框架条约,还待有关各国政府批准。里海是世界上最大的湖泊,现已受到工业废水、生活污水、农业经济和石油开采加工泄漏等环境压力。该地区生物多样丰富,约有40 0个物种是里海地区特有的。联合国环境规划署( UNEP)发言人称,这是一个框架条约,制定了方向,并就原则达成协议,今后数年内将会制定更严格的7个议定书,并由各国政府陆续制订废水排放许可条件、开展大规模污染事故应急处理和开发项目环境影响评价保护里海框架条约签订@未名…     

自然生态系统中含硫气体的产生机理与环境归趋

基于当前可获得的与该课题相关的资料，本文综述了陆地生态系统产生挥发性含硫气体的微观和宏观机理过程，讨论了控制生物硫化体产生的环境因素，阐述了含硫气体释放进入大气后的环境归趋。     

国家环保总局发出紧急通知开展全国环境安全大检查

12月8日国家环保总局发出紧急通知，决定从即日起到2006年1月30日在全国范围内开展环境安全大检查。通知要求各地环保部门切实加强环境安全监管工作，落实全国环保系统进一步加强环境监管严防发生污染事故电视电话会议精神，严格按照国家环保总局近日发出的《关于进一步加强环境监督管理严防发生污染事故的紧急通知》要求，督促相关单位对可能出现的环境隐患采取预防措施，完善相应预案，严把新上项目环境影响评价关，确保人民群众环境安全。     

微生物燃料电池在高盐榨菜废水处理中的产电性能

基于双室微生物燃料电池（microbial fuel cells,MFCs）,以高盐榨菜废水为燃料,考察了电池的运行状况,同时探讨了盐度变化对电池产电性能影响,并通过投加甜菜碱研究其对MFCs系统抵抗盐度负荷冲击能力的影响。结果表明：MFCs稳定运行时（阳极室容积80 mL）,最大功率密度、开路电压和电池内阻分别为3.55 W·m-3、0.698 V和427 Ω;底物中添加2 mmol·L-1甜菜碱后电池产电性能得到明显提升;当废水含盐量（增加到5 g·L-1 NaCl）为31.2 g·L-1时电池产电性能达到最佳,但是继续增高盐度后电池产电性能会急剧下降;投加甜菜碱有助于提高系统抵抗盐度负荷变化造成的冲击,维持电池的产电输出。     

反渗透海水淡化水的消毒

反渗透海水淡化是解决水资源危机的一项重要技术。反渗透海水淡化水在饮用水生产过程中需进行消毒以解决微生物污染问题。采用次氯酸钙、二氧化氯和紫外线3种消毒方法,考察了反渗透海水淡化水和自来水的消毒效果,比较了对主要水质指标如pH、硬度和碱度的影响及余氯和余ClO2的衰减性。结果表明,二氧化氯消毒速率最快,次氯酸钙消毒对水质的影响最大,而紫外线的消毒效果最为稳定。可为反渗透海水淡化水的进一步利用提供依据。     

生态水利工程对环境的影响

水利设施建设及竣工投入使用之后对当地的自然环境都会产生影响,这种影响有好的,也有不好的,对于不好的影响,需要在工程施工设计之前充分考虑,提出弥补改进的设计方案,本文针对生态水利设施,分析了其基本概念和主要特征,同时进一步分析了生态水利设施对环境的影响问题,提出了相应的建设和使用原则,不断降低其对当地环境的影响。     

我国开展首次生物物种资源保护联合执法大检查

我国生物物由于认识不足、法规不健全和执法不严，以及缺乏统一种资源种类多、数量大、分布广，是世界上生物物种资源最丰富的国家之一。但是政策措施等多方面原因，致使我国生物物种资源丧失和流失问题突出，对我国经济社会的可持续发展造成了很大影响。为全面加强我国生物物种资源保护和管理，尽快遏制生物     

Take actions against Persistent Organic Pollutants （POPs）

China is facing a great challenge to implement the Stockholm Convention, the participants said at the Sino-US Workshop on Science-Based Decision Making-Implementing the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) in Beijing.     

Effects of seawater salinity on nitrite accumulation in short-range nitrification to nitrite as end product

The effect of seawater salinity on nitrite accumulation in short-range nitrification to nitrite as the end product was studied by using a SBR. Experimental results indicated that the growth of nitrobacteria was inhibited and very high levels of nitrite accumulation at different salinities were achieved under the conditions of 25--28℃, pH 7.5--8.0, and the influent ammonia nitrogen of 40--70mg/L when seawater flow used to flush toilet was less than 35% (salinity 12393 mg/L, Cl^- 6778mg/L) of total domestic wastewater flow, which is mainly ascribed to much high chlorine concentration of seawater. Results showed that high seawater salinity is available for short-range nitrification to nitrite as the end product. When the seawater flow used to flush toilet accounting for above 70% of the total domestic wastewater flow, the removal efficiency of ammonia was still above 80% despite the removal of organics declined obviously(less than 60% ). It was found that the effect of seawater salinity on the removal of organics was negative rather than positive one as shown for ammonia removal.     

Assessment on the pollution of nitrogen and phosphorus of Beijing surface water based on GIS system and multivariate statistical approaches

This paper presented the characteristics of nitrogen and phosphorus pollution in Beijing surface water during the survey. A significant difference was found out in concentration distribution of various parameters of nitrogen and phosphorus. Most water bodies in five water systems were polluted by total nitrogen with the content even up to 120 mg/L which was higher than exceeded the fifth class standard of national surface water quality standard GB3838-2002 except for several segments of Chaobaihe and Yongdinghe. Ammonia and phosphorus showed a similar tendency of distribution with higher content in Daqinghe, Beiyunhe and Jiyunhe water systems, but with relatively low concentrations in Chaobaihe and Yongdinghe water systems. Meanwhile, nitrate was found at comparatively low content (mostly less than 10 mg/L) and could fit for corresponding water quality requirements. Totally, the water quality of Daqinghe, Jiyunhe and Beiyunhe river systems as well as the lower reaches of Yongdinghe and Chaobaihe was contaminated seriously with high content of total nitrogen and phosphorus. Through multivariate statistical approaches, it can be concluded that total nitrogen, ammonia and total phosphorus was highly correlated to chemical oxygen demand, biochemical oxygen demand, dissolved oxygen and electrical conductivity,which explained the same pollution source from anthropogenic activities.