城市重污染河道底泥对外源磷的吸附和固定机制

以重污染河道底泥和上覆水为材料,研究了周期性加入外源磷条件下,间歇扰动对底泥吸附和固定外源磷的作用机制.结果表明,扰动状态下,39d内底泥对外源磷的累积吸附量达到363.4 mg·kg-1,远高于静态试验(213.2 mg·kg-1).内源磷形态分析表明,扰动状态下底泥吸附的外源磷中超过61%被结合到铁铝结合态磷(Fe...     

环境空气PM2.5浓度变化特征及防治措施研究

为了解决空气环境污染问题,提高大气质量,开展了环境空气PM2.5浓度变化特征及防治措施的研究,以某城市近五年的连续实测数据,统计其环境空气PM2.5平均浓度变化情况,以此为依据,分析了环境空气PM2.5的来源与危害。为了降低PM2.5浓度过高对环境空气质量造成的负面影响,提出设置工业生产排放控制指标的防治措施,鼓励工业生产的绿色化与无污染化,从而实现对环境空气中PM2.5浓度的有效控制。在此基础上,健全城市绿色低碳方案,树立全民环保意识,使群体意识到此方面工作的重要性,并积极参与到政府与社会组织的环保活动中,从而实现对社会环境污染问题的良好改善。     

冬季和夏季长江口及其邻近海域一氧化碳的分布、海-气通量和微生物消耗的研究

海洋是大气中一氧化碳(CO)的重要来源,河口区域在调节气候活性气体收支方面发挥着重要作用。本文旨在研究长江口作为典型河口在全球海洋CO生物地球化学循环中的地位,并进一步了解河口区域海水和大气中CO浓度的变化情况。本文基于2021年冬季和夏季在长江口及其邻近海域的现场调查,对该海域CO分布、海-气通量和微生物消耗速率进行了研究。结果表明,冬季和夏季调查海域大气中CO的体积分数平均值分别为(530.39±120.40)×10^-9和(416.91±102.01)×10^-9,大气中CO含量受人类活动影响较大;受光照强度和陆源输入有机物的影响,夏季表层海水中CO的浓度平均值[(4.52±2.13) nmol/L]显著高于冬季[(1.30±0.79) nmol/L];相应地,夏季海—气通量平均值[0.95μmol/(m²·d)]亦显著高于冬季[0.10μmol/(m²·d)]。冬季的微生物消耗速率常数(k_bio)的平均值[(0.46±0.31)/h]明显高于夏季[(0.26±0.07)/h...     

Influence of chlorine on methane oxidation

Experiments on CH4/Cl2/O2/N2 oxidation were conducted in an atmospheric pressure flow reactor to understand the influence of chlorine on hydrocarbon oxidation in hazardous waste incineration. The reaction temperature varied from 973 to 1273 K and the chlorine to hydrogen mole ratio (Cl/H) of the inlet mixture varied from 0 to 0.44. The species produced in the reaction were measured online with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). It was found that the destruction and removal e ciency of CH4 increased with Cl/H mole ratio. Increasing Cl/H favored COCl2 and CO formation and inhibited the CO oxidation process. As Cl/H approached 0.44, the concentrations of CH2Cl2 and CH3Cl first increased, and then declined. Reaction temperature greatly a ected the reaction system. Increasing temperatures raised the destruction removal e ciency of CH4 and decreased the concentrations of CH3Cl and CH2Cl2. With a certain ratio of Cl/H, the concentrations of CO and COCl2 first increased and then declined. The CO and COCl2 concentration peak was observed around 1100 K and 1023 K, respectively. When the reaction temperature exceeded 1273 K, carbon in CH4 was mostly converted to CO2. It could be concluded that the presence of chlorine enhanced the destruction of CH4, but resulted in the more toxic incomplete combustion products emission such as COCl2 when the reaction temperature was not high enough.     

不同氮水平下秸秆和酚类、有机酸对土壤碳含量的影响

利用采集自FACE(Free Air Carbon Dioxide Enrichment)技术平台上田间培养的土壤样品,通过温室培养的方法,研究不同CO₂浓度下导致作物生物量增加和更多酚类、有机酸输入对土壤碳含量的影响. 结果表明,CO₂浓度升高时,通过根系分泌的酚类、有机酸对土壤各粒级分配的影响受秸秆加入和氮水平的调控. 在有无秸秆加入条件下,酚类、有机酸的加入主要增加了粒径>250和<53 μm土壤的碳含量. 单位土壤各粒级的碳含量均增加,粒径>53 μm增加幅度较大;在没有秸秆加入的常规氮水平与有秸秆加入的低氮水平下,碳含量变化幅度较大. 表明来自高CO₂浓度条件下秸秆和酚类、有机酸对土壤碳的固定具有重要的作用和意义.      

Response of soil catalase activity to chromium contamination

The impact of chromium(III) and (VI) forms on soil catalase activity was presented. The Orthic Podzol, Haplic Phaeozem and Mollic Gleysol from di erent depths were used in the experiment. The soil samples were amended with solution of Cr(III) using CrCl3, and with Cr(VI) using K2Cr2O7 in the concentration range from 0 to 20 mg/kg, whereas the samples without the addition of chromium served as control. Catalase activity was assayed by one of the commonly used spectrophotometric methods. As it was demonstrated in the experiment, both Cr(III) and Cr(VI) have an ability to reduce soil catalase activity. A chromium dosage of 20 mg/kg caused the inhibition of catalase activity and the corresponding contamination levels ranged from 75% to 92% for Cr(III) and 68% to 76% for Cr(VI), with relation to the control. Catalase activity reached maximum in the soil material from surface layers (0–25 cm), typically characterized by the highest content of organic matter creating favorable conditions for microorganisms.     

废旧线路板中贵金属湿法浸出技术研究进展

废旧线路板(WPCB)的数量逐年增长,妥善处理废旧线路板不仅体现其回收利用价值,并且具有可观的环境效益.湿法处理废旧线路板工艺成熟,具有流程短、效率高的优点.本文综述了废旧线路板中贵金属(主要以金为例)浸出方法的研究状况,并从效率、环境影响、成本等方面对不同方法进行了比较.分析表明,硫脲法和碘化法浸出效率高、环境影响小...     

长贮库房内偏二甲肼扩散浓度快速估算方法

为快速获取判断偏二甲肼(UDMH)长贮库房内泄漏位置所需的关键信息,基于数值模拟方法研究储罐、壁面和通风状态等对长贮库房内UDMH蒸气扩散规律的影响,进而修正理想气体扩散公式中的扩散参数,使其适用于长贮库房内特殊布局和状态条件下UDMH扩散浓度分布的快速估算,并分析不同泄漏位置下该计算公式的误差.结果 表明:泄漏位置与...     

2019—2021年西安市汽修行业VOCs去除及排放水平变化监测分析

汽修行业是当今城市挥发性有机物(VOCs)的重要来源之一,为明确汽修行业VOCs去除及排放水平,分析了2019—2021年西安市二十余家汽修厂VOCs废气排放变化特征,结果发现：汽修厂VOCs废气排放出口浓度逐年降低,出口达标率趋于稳定,为89.4%～97.6%;进口浓度范围逐渐增大,为2.87～107.6 mg/m³,低浓度数据比例明显增加,VOCs去除效率有所提升,但达标率仅为35.0%～68.9%。因此,重视加强净化设施的过程管控,评价VOCs排放和去除效率达标时,并将进口浓度过低的情况纳入考虑范围,以便更好地执行“双达标”的管控要求,为VOCs污染防治提供有效可行的治理策略,切实改善城市空气质量。     

对烟尘排放浓度测试问题的探讨

在锅炉烟尘排放浓度测试中,运行负荷和过量空气系数是影响测试精度的主要因素。交章对此影响及测定问题提出浅见。