利用生物燃料电池进行海水淡化

据估计,未来20年内,人均清洁水供应量将平均减少三分之一.海水淡化是从世界多个地区的微咸水和海水中生产可饮用水的一种选择,但大多数海水淡化技术高耗能且高费用.目前采用的海水淡化技术主要是反渗透、电渗析和蒸馏.海水淡化过程的不断改进,特别是在过去的10年里,已经使得这些系统更加可靠,减少资金成本,但高能源需求     

Seasonal variation effects on the formation of trihalomethane during chlorination of water from Yangtze River and associated cancer risk assessment

For the system of water samples collected from Yangtze River,the effects of seasonal variation and Fe(III) concentrations on the formation and distribution of trihalomethanes (THMs) during chlorination have been investigated.The corresponding lifetime cancer risk of the formed THMs to human beings was estimated using the parameters and procedure issued by the US EPA.The results indicated that the average concentration of THMs (100.81 μg/L) in spring was significantly higher than that in other seasons,which ...     

Development of systems for detection, early warning, and control of pipeline leakage in drinking water distribution: A case study

The integrated system for the detection, early warning, and control of pipeline leakage has been successfully developed to manage the pipeline networks of Beijing.     

Treatment of taste and odor causing compounds 2-methyl isoborneol and geosmin in drinking water: A critical review

Problems due to the taste and odor in drinking water are common in treatment facilities around the world. Taste and odor are perceived by the public as the primary indicators of the safely and acceptability of drinking water and are mainly caused by the presence of two semi-volatile compounds – 2-methyl isoborneol (MIB) and geosmin. A review of these two taste and odor causing compounds in drinking water is presented. The sources for the formation of these compounds in water are discussed alongwith the health and regulatory implications. The recent developments in the analysis of MIB/geosmin in water which have allowed for rapid measurements in the nanogram per liter concentrations are also discussed. This review focuses on the relevant treatment alternatives, that are described in detail with emphasis on their respective advantages and problems associated with their implementation in a fullscale facility. Conventional treatment processes in water treatment plants, such as coagulation, sedimentation and chlorination have been found to be ine ective for removal of MIB/geosmin. Studies have shown powdered activated carbon, ozonation and biofiltration to be e ective in treatment of these two compounds. Although some of these technologies are more e ective and show more promise than the others, much work remains to be done to optimize these technologies so that they can be retrofitted or installed with minimal impact on the overall operation and e ectiveness of the treatment system.     

上海某黄浦江原水供水系统中主要致嗅物质的迁移规律分析

采用顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱质谱联用研究了上海市某黄浦江水源供水系统中2-甲基异莰醇(M1B)、土味素(GSM)和余氯的迁移变化规律.结果表明,黄浦江源水及其各级净水工艺处理水、管网水和二次供水系统末端水中均含有MIB和GSM,分别在2～18 ng/L和2.68～5.06 ng/L之间;其浓度经水厂各级工艺处理后明显下...     

我国饮用水水源内分泌干扰物的污染现状分析

我国作为饮用水水源的天然水体和部分饮用水水源地已受到内分泌干扰物的严重影响.文章分别从重金属类和有机类污染两个方面分析了我国饮用水源内分泌干扰物的污染现状,针对我国开展内分泌干扰物研究中存在的问题给出了建议对策并做出了展望.目前,我国七大水系以及华北、东南沿海地区的部分饮用水水源地都不同程度的受到了阿特拉津等有机氯农药...     

荆州市饮用水水源地环境现状及保护对策研究

对荆州市境内所有139个乡镇以上所有饮用水水源地和44个典型农村饮用水水源地基础环境进行了调查,深入分析了饮用水水源地工业污染、生活污水、分散式畜禽养殖、农业面源等污染情况,并对饮用水水源地水质状况进行了评价。结果表明:全市183个饮用水水源地有达标个数为85个,达标率为46.45%。其中,河流型水源地达标率为79.01%;湖库型水源地达标率为40%;地下水型水源地达标率为12.5%。最后总结了荆州市饮用水水源地存在的主要环境问题,针对问题提出相应的保护对策和建议。     

气相色谱法测定生活饮用水中的有机物特定项目

对GB 3838-2002<地表水环境质量标准>表6特定项目中的四氯苯、二硝基苯、六氯苯、2,4,6-三硝基甲苯和百菌清等有机物的分析方法GB/T 5750.8-2006<生活饮用水标准检验方法有机物指标>及GB/T 5750.9-2006<生活饮用水标准检验方法农药指标>进行了试验优化.在样品预处理和色谱分析方法上实现了统一,减少了有毒有害有机试剂的消耗和二次污染,并且在10min内获得了组分间良好的分离,缩短了分析周期,为相关环境监测分析工作提供了参考依据.     

毛家村水库径流区生态环境状况与建设途径

毛家村水库是会泽县城居民主要的饮用水源,其水质经会泽县环境监测站监测,符合饮用水标准,但存在许多不容忽视的污染问题。其水质污染是点源和面源污染,水体趋于富营养化和粪大肠菌群超标。认为应从饮用水源保护、水环境整治、控制污染源、实施水土保持工程4个方面来加强生态环境建设,确保县城居民饮用水安全。     

名媒速览

《新闻周刊》(2010年10月刊)水资源之争在水资源日益紧张的今天,大公司对水资源展开竞争的态势。越来越多的商业公司介入对饮用水的争夺,这已经形成了一条产业链,如美国的淡