Harmful and Needless Emission of Refrigerant and Countermeasures

Refrigerants used in refrigerators are an important source of ozone depleting substances released into the atmosphere, and can have a significantly negative effect on the hole in the ozone layer. But most-emission of refrigerants is man-made, unreasonable and needless. Since in most emission cases the refrigerants are contained in the refrigerators, we can retrieve them by some technique that changes the ＇manual emission＇ into manual retrieving. To promote the retrieval action and diminish the pollution, society can use economic, administrative and technical countermeasures, which can create a ＇good-cycle＇ both ＇harnessing pollution and earning income simultaneously＇, reinforce the motive of retrieving, and retrieve most proportion of refrigerants used by＇all refrigerators. This ＇good-cycle＇ method can be easily promoted, and also a valuable way to promote other forms of environmental protection. The three countermeasures have almost no social cost, even no cost at all.     

保护臭氧层国际大会在达喀尔举行

《保护臭氧层维也纳公约》第7次会议和《关于消耗臭氧层物质的蒙特利尔议定书》第17次会议于2005年12月15日在塞内加尔首都达喀尔举行。来自150多个缔约方的500余名代表出席了大会。中国政府代表团20多位与会。     

电沉积处理电解锌漂洗废水的实验研究

采用电沉积技术对电解锌漂洗废水进行初步处理,以求达到废水回用和重金属锌的回收。研究了电沉积法处理含锌废水过程中各个影响因素对电沉积效果的影响,并且设计了正交实验。结果表明,极板间距、槽电压、进水pH、极板材料等对二维电沉积处理模拟废水具有显著影响。适宜的电沉积条件是：极板间距20 mm、槽电压5～6 V、阴极板材料为铝板、电沉积时间为30～45 min。     

发展循环经济实现经济与环境“双赢”

循环经济理念的产生,是人类对自身发展过程深刻反思的结果,是对传统经济发展方式的扬弃。20世纪60年代,人们在系统论、控制论、信息论思想的影响下,受到宇宙飞船生存系统的启发,产生了循环经济的概念。与其走大量生产、大量消耗、大量污染然后大量投入治理的老路,不如采用新的反馈方法,更加有效地利用资源,循环往复地使用资源,以尽可能小的资源消耗和环境代价,取得尽可能大的经济效益和社会效益,从而实现经济社会发展与生态环境保护的协调,实现人与自然的和谐相处。     

全国政协委员、国家开发银行副行长刘克崮：尽快调整资源税政策、促进资源节约

我国GDP高速增长的同时付出了自然资源过度消耗和环境污染的代价．导致当前经济发展瓶颈从过去的资金．技术和基础设施约束．转变为以“高消耗、高污染”为特点的“资源紧缺型”约束．且有不断加剧的趋势。面对资源过度消耗问题．我们要在运用法律和行政手段的同时．充分发挥产业、税收、进出口、土地．财政．金融等经济手段的作用。在税收手段中．当前最为直接有效的措施就是调整资源税政策。     

节能减排需要循环经济

循环经济的重点环节包括：资源开采环节要统筹规划矿产资源开发,推广先进适用的开采技术、工艺和设备,大力提高资源综合回收利用率;资源消耗环节要加强对冶金、有色、电力、煤炭、石化、化工、建材（筑）、轻工、纺织、农业等重点行业能源、原材料、水等资源消耗管理,努力降低消耗,提高资源利用率;废物产生环节要强化污染预防和全过程控制。加强对各类废物的循环利用,推进企业废物“零排放”：加快再生水利用设施建设以及城市垃圾、污泥减量化和资源化利用：再生资源产生环节要大力回收和循环利用各种废旧资源,支持废旧机电产品再制造;     

On-road pollutant emission and fuel consumption characteristics of buses in Beijing

On-road emission and fuel consumption (FC) levels for Euro III and IV buses fueled on diesel and compressed natural gas (CNG) were compared, and emission and FC characteristics of buses were analyzed based on approximately 28,700 groups of instantaneous data obtained in Beijing using a portable emissions measurement system (PEMS). The experimental results revealed that NOx and PM emissions from CNG buses were decreased by 72.0% and 82.3% respectively, compared with Euro IV diesel buses. Similarly, these emissions were reduced by 75.2% and 96.3% respectively, compared with Euro III diesel buses. In addition, CO2, CO, HC, NOx, PM emissions and FC of Euro IV diesel buses were reduced by 26.4%, 75.2%, 73.6%, 11.4%, 79.1%, and 26.0%, respectively, relative to Euro III diesel buses. The CO2, CO, HC, NOx, PM emissions and FC factors all decreased with bus speed increased, while increased as bus acceleration increased. At the same time, the emission/FC rates as well as the emission/FC factors exhibited a strong positive correlation with the vehicle specific power (VSP). They all were the lowest when VSP < 0, and then rapidly increased as VSP increased. Furthermore, both the emission/FC rates and emission/FC factors were the highest at accelerations, higher at cruise speeds, and the lowest at decelerations for non-idling buses. These results can provide a base reference to further estimate bus emission and FC inventories in Beijing.