Electrokinetic removal of chromium and copper from contaminated soils by lactic acid enhancement in the catholyte

The electrokinetic removal of chromium and copper from contaminated soils by adding lactic acid in cathode chamber as an enhancing reagent was evaluated. Two sets of duplicate experiments with chromium contaminated kaolinite and with a silty soil sampled from a supeffund site in Califomia of USA and polluted by Cr and Cu, were carried out in a constant current mode. Changes of soil water content and soil pH before and after the electrokinetic experiments, and variations of voltage drop and electroosmosis flow during the treatments were examined. The results indicated that Cr, spiked as Cr(Ⅵ) in the kaolinite, was accumulated mainly in the anode chamber, and some of Cr and metal hydroxides precipitated in the soil sections in contact with the cathode, which significantly increased electrical energy consumption. Treatment of the soil collected from the site showed accumulation of large amounts of Cr and Cu in the anode chamber while none was detected in the cathode one. The results suggested that the two metals either complexed with the injected lactic acid at the cathode or existed as negatively charged complex, and electromigrated toward the anode under a voltage gradient.     

淤泥优势菌对手性农药2,4-滴丙酸甲酯的对映体选择性降解

考察了手性农药2,4-滴丙酸甲酯(DCPPM)生物降解过程中的对映体选择性,通过驯化、培养分离了1株对其具有降解能力的菌株DP,并且运用手性毛细管气相色谱测定了DCPPM在降解过程中的对映体分数(EF),评价了DCPPM在水相中的对映体选择性生物降解.研究表明在菌株DP接种过的介质中,2个对映异构体均被迅速降解,但是R型DCPPM的逸散速度明显快于相对应的S型;EF值发生了显著的偏离,从一开始的0.5变化到最后的1.证实了该菌种对DCPPM的降解存在着对映体选择性.     

振动频率与龄期对河道淤泥气泡混合轻质土动力特性影响及机理

利用室内动三轴实验研究了振动频率与龄期对河道淤泥气泡混合轻质土（FMLSS）动力特性的影响。结果表明,振动频率和龄期对FMLSS的动力特性有明显影响。振动频率越小,轴向动应变和阻尼比越大,动模量越小。随着养护龄期的增长,动模量增大而阻尼比减小。动模量曲线在振动频率大、养护龄期长和水泥含量高时更加陡峭。当动应变较小时,不同龄期的FMLSS阻尼比很接近,随着动应变不断发展,阻尼比差异增大。FMLSS的动模量曲线都呈平缓衰减型,阻尼比在0.01~0.03之间,体现出FMLSS是良好的弹性材料。最后,探讨了振动频率和龄期对FMLSS动力特性的影响机理。     

淤泥和土壤中Cd,Cu,Zn的结合形态研究

本文首次研究了京杭大运河(杭州段)的淤泥、底泥及其旁侧土壤中Cd、Cu、Zn存在的形态特征,对阐明运河体系的环境地球化学行为特征,研究环境容量均具有重要意义。同时,对运河的环境污染的综合防治提供了重要的科学依据。     

Sorption of biodegradation end products of nonylphenol polyethoxylates onto activated sludge

IntroductionRecently ,nonylphenolpolyethoxylates (NPnEO (n :numberofethoxyunits(EOs) )havebecomeaproblematicissueforthereasonthatthesecompounds,animportantgroupofnonionicsurfactants ,havebeenusedwidelyinvariousindustriesasflocculants,dispersants,emulsifie…     

Degradation of o-chloronitrobenzene as the sole carbon and nitrogen sources by Pseudomonas putida OCNB-1

A bacterial strain that utilized o-chloronitrobenzene(o-CNB) as the sole carbon,nitrogen and energy sources was isolated from an activated sludge collected from an industrial waste treatment plant. It was identified as Pseudomonas putida based on its morphology,physiological,and biochemical characteristics with an automatic biometrical system and the 16S rRNA sequence analysis. Microcosm study showed that the biodegradation of o-CNB was optimized at culture medium pH 8.0 and 32°C. At these conditions,the st...     

养殖海湾淤泥质海岸沉积物微塑料污染特征

微塑料污染是当前环境领域广泛关注的前沿问题,海洋环境介质微塑料污染广为报道,但深层沉积物中微塑料污染特征如何却鲜见报道.基于此,在典型养殖海域海州湾附近淤泥质海岸设置3个采样点,分析沉积物柱状样中微塑料污染特征.结果表明,该研究区域沉积物中微塑料丰度为（0.12 ± 0.07）n·g^-1,处于中等污染水平.沉积物柱状样中微塑料总和是表层5 cm沉积物中微塑料丰度的3.43~6.00倍.沉积物柱状样中微塑料丰度展现区域差异性,不同深度的沉积物中微塑料丰度不存在显著性差异,但随深度增加呈指数减少.沉积物含水率、深度和微塑料之间的关系表明,沉积物中微塑料丰度与沉积物物理性质有关.透明和黑色微塑料在各站位占比均最高,纤维是沉积物中最常见的微塑料形态,粒径小的微塑料占主体,微塑料材质的密度均不妨碍其出现在沉积物中.微塑料污染特征在不同深度沉积物中变化较大.     

废弃口罩加筋固化土的强度特性与破坏模式北大核心CSCD

新冠疫情防控消耗大量一次性口罩,口罩废弃物处置量大、环境环保要求高;高含水率淤泥水泥固化土并作路基填料是解决路基优质填料来源难、价格高等问题的重要途径之一。提出利用废弃口罩加筋高含水率淤泥固化土并作路基填料的解决思路,以水泥为固化剂、以废弃口罩为加筋材料,实测不同废弃口罩掺量、尺寸及龄期条件下废弃口罩加筋水泥固化土的无侧限抗压强度值,探讨废弃口罩掺量、尺寸及龄期等因素对水泥固化土的加筋效果,以及废弃口罩加筋对水泥固化土破坏模式的影响规律。研究结果表明,废弃口罩适用于加筋高含水率淤泥水泥固化土,本文试验条件下废弃口罩的最佳掺量约为0.5%,无侧限抗压强度值提高约87.5%。废弃口罩加筋水泥固化土的无侧限抗压强度应力-应变曲线呈软化型,且废弃口罩的加筋作用提高了试样的抗变形能力;废弃口罩加筋水泥固化土呈现一定的塑性破坏特征。     

Effect of proteins, polysaccharides, and particle sizes on sludge dewaterability

Four batch experiments of hydrolysis and acidification were carried out to investigate the distributions of proteins (PN) and polysaccharides (PS) in the sludge, the PN/PS ratio, the particle sizes, and their relationship with sludge dewaterability (as determined by capillary suction time, CST). The sludge flocs were stratified through centrifugation- and ultrasound-based method into four fractions: (1) slime, (2) loosely bound extracellular polymeric substances (LB-EPS), (3) tightly bound EPS (TB-EPS), and (4) pellet. The results showed that PN was mainly partitioned in the pellet (80.7%) and TB-EPS (9.6%) fractions, while PS distributed evenly in the four fractions. During hydrolysis and acidification, PN was transferred from the pellet and TB-EPS fractions to the slime fraction, but PS had no significant transfer trends. The mean particle sizes of the sludge flocs decreased with hydrolysis and acidification. The pH had a more significant influence on the dewaterability of sludge flocs than temperature. Sludge dewaterability during hydrolysis and acidification processes greatly deteriorated from 9.7 s at raw sludge to 340–450 s under alkaline conditions. However, it was just slightly increased under acidic conditions. Further investigation suggested that CST was a ected by soluble PN, soluble PN/PS, and particle sizes of sludge flocs, but was a ected slightly by total PN, PS, or PN/PS in the whole sludge flocs and other fractions (except slime).