中俄联合监测水质中总磷测定实验的方法与结果对比分析

近年来,中俄双方开展了对等联合监测,但由于国域差别,两个国家在一个项目上采取了不同的实验方法,常出现同一个样品中俄双方出现不同的实验结果,为避免分歧,我国在少数几个站进行了中俄双方实验方法的对比实验,现就水质中总磷的测定将两国的实验方法和实验结果进行了分析。     

神秘“上帝粒子”现踪影

欧洲科研人员13日宣布,他们可能“瞥见”希格斯玻色子,但现有数据无法确切证实。欧洲核子研究中心科研人员当天在日内瓦告诉媒体记者,两项强子对撞实验项目ALTAS和CMS有一些相似发现,让科研人员颇为兴奋。     

Experimental investigation of the e ect of flow turbulence and sediment transport patterns on the adsorption of cadmium ions onto sediment particles

The mechanism of flow turbulence,sediment supply conditions,and sediment transport patterns that affect the adsorption of cadmiumions onto sediment particles in natural waters are experimentally simulated and studied both in batch reactors and in a turbulencesimulation tank.By changing the agitation conditions,the sediment transport in batch reactors can be categorized into bottom sediment-dominated sediment and suspended sediment-dominated sediment.It is found that the adsorption rate of bottom sediment is much lessthan that of suspended sediment,but the sediment transport pattern does not affect the final(equilibrium)concentration of dissolvedcadmium.This result indicates that the parameters of an adsorption isotherm are the same regardless of the sediment transport pattern.Inthe turbulence simulation tank,the turbulence is generated by harmonic grid-stirred motions,and the turbulence intensity is quantifiedin terms of eddy diffusivity,which is equal to 9.84F(F is the harmonic vibration frequency)and is comparable to natural surfacewater conditions.When the turbulence intensity of flow is low and sediment particles stay as bottom sediment,the adsorption rateis significantly low,and the adsorption quantity compared with that of suspended sediment is negligible in the 6 h duration of theexperiment.This result greatly favors the simplification of the numerical modeling of heavy metal pollutant transformation in naturalrivers.When the turbulence intensity is high but bottom sediment persists,the rate and extent of descent of the dissolved cadmiumconcentration in the tank noticeably increase,and the time that is required to reach adsorption equilibrium also increases considerablydue to the continuous exchange that occurs between the suspended sediment and the bottom sediment.A comparison of the results ofthe experiments in the batch reactor and those in the turbulence simulation tank reveals that the adsorption ability of the sediment,andin particular the adsorption rate,is greatly over-estimated in the batch reactor.     

种植苜蓿草的生态环境效益和经济效益分析——苜蓿草在台安县洪家农牧场种植实验

2004年台安县洪家农牧场引进加拿大优质苜蓿草进行种植实验.通过清种、林地间作和不种苜蓿草对比实验,对土壤速效氮、速效磷、速效钾、有机质、PH值、含水量进行分析,得出种植苜蓿草所产生的生态环境效益和经济效益.此项实验结论说明,紫色苜蓿是牧草之王,可促进养殖业的发展,对改善生态环境,防止土壤沙化和水土流失,改善农业结构,实现生态良性循环起到积极的促进作用,对改善生态环境起到了良好的示范作用.     

《环境科学与技术》总目次

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何泽慧 为中国学造大炮的伟大女性

何泽慧是中国知名核物理学家钱三强的夫人。作为中国第一代女物理学家,中科院资深院士,何泽慧的名字更多时候被掩盖在了许多男性科学家的背后。那枚黄金铸造的“两弹一星功勋奖章”上面虽然没有铭刻她的名字,却同样浸润了她的汗水和泪水。何泽慧先生生前为开拓我国中子物理与裂变物理实验领域作出了重要贡献,人们送给了她“中国的居里夫人”的称号。     

水库水氯化消毒副产物毒性研究

为了证实水库出水的氯化消毒副产物CHClBr2和CHBr3具有一定的遗传毒性,将水库出水进行浓缩富集研究其对小鼠脾脏淋巴细胞DNA的影响。同时分别与水库枯水期和丰水期出水的小鼠彗星实验结果进行了对比,发现氯化消毒副产物CHClBr2和CHBr3的DNA损伤效应同时高于两个水期的出厂水。     

阴离子表面活性剂检测分析

阴离子表面活性剂是广泛应用的一种表面活性剂,但是它进入水体或者土壤中会产生严重的环境污染,本文通过实验的方法确定了监测阴离子表面活性剂的最佳条件。     

广西农村生活污水处理技术的探讨

鉴于我国广西农村具有居民居住较为疏散、地势各异和经济落后等特点,本文介绍了处理农村居民产生的生活污水的三种处理工艺:土地渗滤、生物塘—人工湿地和沼气池,并分别分析了这三种处理工艺对广西农村生活污水处理的优缺点和需要改进的地方。