Beyond hypoxia：Occurrence and characteristics of black blooms due to the decomposition of the submerged plant Potamogeton crispus in a shallow lake

Organic matter-induced black blooms(hypoxia and an offensive odor) are a serious ecosystem disasters that have occurred in some large eutrophic shallow lakes in China. In this study, we investigated two separate black blooms that were induced by Potamogeton crispus in Lake Taihu, China. The main physical and chemical characteristics, including color- and odor-related substances, of the black blooms were analyzed. The black blooms were characterized by low dissolved oxygen concentration(close to 0 mg/L), low oxidation-reduction potential, and relatively low pH of overlying water. Notably higher Fe2+and∑S2-were found in the black-bloom waters than in waters not affected by black blooms. The black color of the water may be attributable to the high concentration of these elements, as black FeS was considered to be the main substance causing the black color of blooms in freshwater lakes. Volatile organic sulfur compounds, including dimethyl sulfide, dimethyl disulfide, and dimethyl trisulfide, were very abundant in the black-bloom waters. The massive anoxic degradation of dead Potamogeton crispus plants released dimethyl sulfide, dimethyl disulfide, and dimethyl trisulfide, which were the main odor-causing compounds in the black blooms. The black blooms also induced an increase in ammonium nitrogen and soluble reactive phosphorus levels in the overlying waters. This extreme phenomenon not only heavily influenced the original lake ecosystem but also greatly changed the cycling of Fe, S, and nutrients in the water column.     

Submerged vegetation removal promotes shift of dominant phytoplankton functional groups in a eutrophic lake

Historical data indicate that the dominance of submerged plants in Dianchi Lake in the 1960 s was characterized by low algal density with dominance of non-toxic group J（Scenedesmus,Pediastrum,etc.）. The removal of submerged plants,which began in the 1970 s,resulted in the expansion of bloom-forming Microcystis（group M）. Laboratory experiments suggested that Microcystis aeruginosa was inclined to grow and develop at elevated temperatures. The growth of Scenedesmus obliquus was slower than that of co-cultivated M. aeruginosa in the absence of Ceratophyllum demersum,especially at higher temperatures. The existence of submerged plant C. demersum could inhibit the growth of the harmful algae M. aeruginosa and this inhibitory effect by C. demersum was enhanced with an increase in temperature. Instead,with C. demersum,the growth of S. obliquus was not inhibited,but the co-cultivated M. aeruginosa was eliminated in a short time. Combined with the historical data and laboratory experiments,it was indicated that the submerged plants might play important roles in the dominance of the non-toxic group J in the historical succession. Consequently,the introduction of the submerged plant such as C. demersum might alter the dominant phytoplankton functional groups from M to J and benefit the restoration of the eutrophic lake.     

澳大利亚湖泊水环境保护与管理

<正>澳大利亚地处南半球,孤悬于太平洋与印度洋之间,四面环海,是世界上唯一一个独占一个大陆的国家。澳大利亚人口2327万,相当于欧洲的4/5。国土面积为769.2万平方公里,东西距离约4000千米,南北距离约3860千米,居世界第六位,而人口密度为世界上最低的国家,平均每平方千米仅有3人。全澳划分为六个州和两个地区。东部是山地,中部是平原,西部是高原。内陆为荒芜人烟的沙漠,干旱少雨,气温高,温差大;在沿海地区,雨量充沛,气候湿     

常见卫星传感器在蓝藻水华监测中的应用进展

在全球气候变暖的背景下,湖泊富营养化程度日益加剧导致了全球范围内蓝藻水华暴发频次和暴发范围的逐步增加。利用传统水质监测方法实现蓝藻水华的实时动态监测尚存困难,而遥感技术具有监测范围广、速度快和成本低等优势,于蓝藻水华动态监测中得到了广泛应用。文章在介绍湖泊蓝藻水华遥感监测的原理和方法的基础上,对几种常见卫星传感器在湖泊蓝藻水华监测中的应用现状进行了总结,对比了各种传感器和反演模型的优缺点,最后对目前湖泊蓝藻水华遥感监测研究中存在的不足和发展方向作了分析和展望。     

城市水系浅水湖泊水环境质量评价与分析

为研究城市浅水湖泊水生态环境状况,以邯郸市南湖为例,采用单因子评价法、综合污染指数法和综合营养状态指数法,按照《地表水环境质量标准》(GB3838-2002)Ⅲ类水体水质标准对水环境质量进行评价和分析。结果表明,氮、磷是南湖水体的污染控制因子,各采样点的TN、TP均不能满足Ⅴ类水体的水质要求;生活污水、工业废水和岸边垃圾堆放是南湖的主要污染源,相应采样点的污染指数分别达到了3.0和2.2;南湖水质整体处于轻度富营养水平,距污染源较近区域已处于中度富营养水平。     

浅析湖泊环境中凤尾莲的化感作用

综述了凤尾莲抑藻化感作用及其对其他植物的影响,凤尾莲化感物质及其作用机理,其他植物对凤尾莲的化感作用。认为在下一步的工作中,应着重对凤尾莲化感作用涉及到的生理、生化和生态机制开展研究。     

《环境科学导刊》征稿简则

正《环境科学导刊》,投稿及联系邮箱:ynhjkx@yies.org.cn;电话(传真):0871-64142389;国内统一刊号:CN53-1205/X;国际标准刊号:ISSN1673-9655。《环境科学导刊》是云南省环境保护厅主管,云南省环境科学研究院主办的学术类环境科技双月刊。刊物力求反映环境科学的研究成果、应用技术、新理论、新方法,活跃学术气氛,促进学术交流。《环境科学导刊》设置有科研专题研究、环境管理、水环境保护、高原湖泊研究、生态环境保护、污染防治、污染治理技术、大气污染防治、农业环境保护、环境与人体健康、环境监测、环境影响评价等栏目。欢迎     

欢迎订阅《环境科学导刊》杂志

正《环境科学导刊》,投稿及联系邮箱:ynhjkx@yies.org.cn;电话(传真):0871-64142389;国内统一刊号:CN53-1205/X;国际标准刊号:ISSN1673-9655。《环境科学导刊》(原《云南环境科学》)创刊于1982年,是云南省环境保护厅主管,云南省环境科学研究院主办,全国公开发行的环保科技期刊。本刊主要刊登环境科学学术性论文、环境科研报告及介绍环境工程应用技术的文章。主要栏目有:科研专题研究、环境管理、水环境保护、高原湖泊研究、生态环境保     

藏南干旱区湖泊及地热水体氢氧同位素研究

青藏高原水循环过程情况复杂,水体氢氧同位素包含了其重要信息.选取西藏南部干旱区淡水湖、咸水湖及地热水水体为研究对象,分析研究区内不同水体氢氧同位素组成、变化特征、影响因素及水循环过程.结果表明,3种水体均表现出了高海拔地区氢氧同位素组成偏负的特点,淡水湖打加芒错δ18O平均值为-17.0‰,δD平均值为-138.6‰,咸水湖朗错δ18O平均值为-6.4‰,δD平均值为-87.4‰,搭格架地热区热水δ18O平均值为-19.2‰,δD平均值为-158.2‰;受内陆干旱区强烈的蒸发作用影响,湖泊及地热水蒸发线斜率均小于8,氘过量d值均为负值;搭格架地热区热储温度较高,氢氧同位素关系存在氧漂移现象.     

西藏普莫雍错湖芯沉积物中重金属的垂向分布特征及生态风险评估

2008年7月采集了青藏高原南部普莫雍错的湖芯沉积物样品,利用微波消解和电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)、电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪(ICP-OES)分析了样品中Cr、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、Cd、Pb、Mn和Fe的含量,其平均浓度分别为26.4μg·g-1、6.64μg·g-1、16.2μg·g-1、26.2μg·g-1、50.2μg·g-1、0.363μg·g-1、16.8μg·g-1、0.302 mg·g-1和9.84 mg·g-1,略高于南极沉积物,但低于人类影响较大的云南滇池、内蒙古岱海、北美五大湖和太湖相应浓度,处于较低浓度水平.重金属垂向浓度分布波动较小,表层浓度较高.主成分分析和聚类分析结果表明,有机质和Mn受地表径流陆源碎屑输入影响较大,而其他重金属主要受天然成岩风化及大气沉降影响.采用沉积物质量基准法和潜在生态风险指数法进行生态风险评估,结果表明普莫雍错沉积物中重金属的生态风险水平较低.