湖泊有机质降解过程生源要素活化行为研究进展与展望

水体富营养化是全球面临的最突出的生态环境问题之一。大量研究表明,碳(C)、氮(N)、磷(P)等生源要素是控制富营养化的关键因子。随着日益强化的流域污染治理工程的实施,流域外源氮磷输入通量显著减少,但很多湖泊水体的氮磷浓度并未如预期那样显著降低,藻类水华依然频发,湖泊内负荷被认为是罪魁祸首。湖泊内负荷聚焦的C、N、P等生源要素在湖泊生态系统中的生物地球化学循环往往以有机质为主要载体,藻类生长过程伴随着C、N、P的吸收和有机质形成,而有机质在水体沉降和沉积物早期成岩过程中的矿化降解则伴随着C、N、P的释放。虽然C、N、P等生源要素都伴随着颗粒有机质矿化而活化再生,但它们在此过程中并不是等比例活化释放。国内外有关有机质降解过程中生源要素活化行为的研究已取得重要进展,主要体现在：(1)水体颗粒物的C∶N和C∶P比值随水体深度增加而逐渐增大,表明水体颗粒态氮和颗粒态磷通常具有比颗粒态碳更快的矿化速率;(2)缺氧条件下有机质降解过程磷比碳优先释放且强度远高于富氧环境;(3)微生物及其驱动的聚磷酸盐循环和酶水解作用可能是导致有机质降解过程磷优先活化的重要原因。水体富营养化后,有机质降解过程磷优先活化...     

富营养化湖泊蓝藻打捞减污降碳效果模拟研究

环境污染物与温室气体排放具有高度同根同源特征,在环境治理过程中减污和降碳方面具有协同推进的潜力。针对富营养化湖泊藻源性生物质分解带来的氮磷二次释放和温室气体排放问题,利用水-沉积物柱实验体系,通过人为移除藻源性生物质的方式模拟了不同蓝藻打捞强度,分析了不同藻源性生物质移除强度对水体氮磷水平与温室气体(CO₂、CH₄和N₂O)排放通量的影响,评估了蓝藻打捞削减污染水平和控制碳排放效果。结果表明,当藻源性生物质移除33%(低强度)、66%(中强度)、99%(高强度)时,总氮分别下降26.1%、35.4%、53.8%,总磷分别下降50.9%、72.9%、78.2%,CO₂释放通量分别下降26.7%、39.4%、54.5%。CH₄释放通量分别下降58.1%、89.0%、91.5%,N₂O释放通量分别下降71.3%、90.4%、87.5%。此外,藻源性生物质的移除避免了水体溶解氧耗竭,改变了氧化还原条件,调控了碳氮分解过程,降低了高CO₂当量(...     

湖泊富营养化控制技术综合集成方法框架

湖泊富营养化是人类社会活动对湖泊的影响导致的湖泊自然演变过程的浓缩,而富营养湖泊的水污染治理与生态恢复是一个长期的过程。以综合集成方法论为方法论指导,进行湖泊富营养化控制技术综合集成。在信息分析与发展预测、模型集成、技术评价的基础上,通过人与计算机的结合、交互完成工程方案的决策,湖泊富营养化控制技术综合集成有利于发挥湖泊富营养化控制工程的综合效益和长期效益,并为湖泊流域管理提供科学依据。     

中国西南地区近千年湖泊水位变化

重建湖泊水位历史、掌握其演变规律和机制,对水资源管理、生态环境保护、旱涝灾害防治以及认识区域水文气候变化机制皆有重要意义.中国西南地区拥有大量湖泊,其水位变化及驱动机制广受关注.本文通过汇总历史文献记录并将其与邻近地区的其他湖泊水位重建进行比较,总结了过去一千年中国西南地区湖泊水位的变化.结果显示中国西南地区近千年的湖...     

全三维环境下湖泊水位-容积曲线快速计算方法

为了从本质上提升湖泊水位-容积曲线计算的精度与效率,在分析对比传统水位-容积曲线计算方法的基础上,利用Civil 3D高程分析,结合.NET二次开发,建立了水位-容积曲线计算的新方法。该方法能够在全三维环境不降低实测地形图精度的条件下精确高效计算湖泊的水位-容积曲线,特别是对大范围的湖泊容积分析,具有更加明显的优势,让湖泊的传统水文分析技术有了质的提升。     

Nutrient exchange and release experiment and its simulation study in lake water-sediment interface

The sediment distributed and insolated under lake was collected for experiments. The nutrient layer distribution conditions of sampled sediment and its physical and chemical characteristics were analyzed to simulate and assess the influence degree to lake water quality. Based on the dynamic water exchanging experiments the nutrient release process in sediment and influence mechanism to substance exchanging on water-sediment interface was studied, and the correlation between the changing content of total phosphors and total nitrogen in sediment and covered water were analyzed for setting up a simulation model. At the same time the influence degree is explained in detail. The experimental results indicated that even if clean water without nutrient contents was used for water exchangement so as to decrease pollution or prevent eutrophication, however owing to the vertical nutrient distribution in lake sediment, it will lead to the increasing release amount greatly especially when the organic nutrient contained in sediment turns into inorganic status because of isolation. Besides the release process of total phosphate （TP） and total nitrogen （TN） were modeled and each nutrient＇s exchanging equation at interface caused by covered water nutrient concentration changing was set up. According to the simulating prediction, TP and TN content of cover water will also sustain a steady higher level in a long period. The nutrient release amount of sediment is not only affected by the covered water concentration but also connects with accumulative time. The experiments provide the fundamental theoretical and practical basis for taking ecological restoration project. And research is helpful to prevent or restore lake eutrophication.     

Dynamic phosphorus budget for lake-watershed ecosystems

Lake eutrophication caused by excess phosphorus （P） loading from point sources （PS） and nonpoint sources （NPS） is a persistent and serious ecological problem in China. A phosphorus budget, based on material flow analysis（MFA） and system dynamic （SD）, is proposed and applied for the agriculture-dominated Qionghai Lake watershed located in southwestern China. The MFA-SD approach will not only cover the transporting process of P in the lake-watershed ecosystems, but also can deal with the changes of P budget due to the dynamics of watershed. P inflows include the fertilizer for agricultural croplands, soil losses, domestic sewage discharges, and the atmospheric disposition such as precipitation and dust sinking. Outflows are consisted of hydrologic export, water resources development, fishery and aquatic plants harvesting. The internal P recycling processes are also considered in this paper. From 1988 to 2015, the total P inflows for Lake Qionghai are in a rapid increase from 35.65 to 78.73 t/a, which results in the rising of P concentration in the lake. Among the total P load 2015, agricultural loss and domestic sewage account for 70.60% and 17.27% respectively, directly related to the rapid social-economic development and the swift urbanization. Future management programs designed to reduce P inputs must be put into practices in the coming years to ensure the ecosystem health in the watershed.     

水环境容量开发利用研究的质量保证

本文系统介绍了大型研究课题《水环境容量研究》中采用的全过程质量控制技术,以保征课题所取得的大量数据准确可比。全过程质量控制包括对采样布点、采样时间和采样频率、样品的采集和保存,样品的分析测试等环节进行质量控制。本文还具体介绍了:①采样布点原则②选择两套分析方法,分别适用于湖泊类课题和河流海湾类课题③对分析实验室进行考核④样品分析过程中进行质量控制试验。采用以上办法以确保数据的质量。