活性污泥胞外聚合物提取方法的研究

对两种不同来源的活性污泥中EPS的提取效率进行了研究,采用的提取方法有NaOH法,阳离子交换树脂法（CER法）,加热法和离心法。结果表明,CER法是两种污泥EPS提取中最有效的方法。经过16h的提取,EPS中DNA的含量分别为0．73％和1．61％,这表明EPS的提取没有受到胞内物质的污染。两种污泥EPS的提取量分别为74mg／gVSS和80mg／gVSS,其中多糖和蛋白质是EPS的主要成分。在研究中,CER法最佳提取时间为8h,高搅拌强度和CER投加量都有利于EPS提取量的增加。     

高效液相色谱法检测土壤中的壬基酚

建立一种土壤中壬基酚的提取和含量测定方法。土壤样品经二氯甲烷索氏提取、旋转蒸发仪浓缩蒸干后,用色谱流动相溶解。以色谱甲醇与高纯水（体积比为85：15）为流动相,经C18色谱柱分离,在检测波长277nm进行紫外光检测。土壤样品中4-壬基酚的捡出限为20ng／g,4-壬基酚混合标准检测相对标准偏差范围在2．39％-4．56％之间。加入标准溶液后,土壤中壬基酚的加标回收率为98．73％～101．78％,标准偏差小于2．97％。该方法简便快速,灵敏可靠,适用于土壤样品中环境类激素4-壬基酚的含量检测。     

湿法脱硫系统（无GGH）不设置烟气旁路方案探讨

介绍了烟气旁路系统作用,从系统特点、系统可靠性和安全性、投资及运行费用、技术经济性几方面对比了设置旁路系统和不设置旁路系统,得出结论：不设置旁路系统可行。     

高效液相色谱荧光检测法测定大气中苯并[a]芘

采用反相高效液相色谱荧光检测法测定大气中苯并[a]芘含量。用甲醇超声提取采集在超细玻璃纤维滤膜上的苯并[a]芘,提取液注入反相高效液相色谱仪,通过C18反相色谱柱采用甲醇-水(体积比80比20)为流动相进行分离,采用荧光检测器进行检测,其激发波长为364nm,发射波长为427nm。分析同一溶液,测定结果的相对标准偏差(n=6)为4.6%。用标准加入法作回收试验,回收率结果在95.8%～101.7%之间     

An evaluation of the bioavailability and bioaccumulation of selected metals occurring in a wetland area on the volcanic island of Guam, Western Pacific Ocean

This initial research examined the presence, distribution and bioavailability of Cu, Cr, Ni, Mn and Fe in a wetland area of southern Guam. The research sites are within an area covered with saporite, a soil type derived from volcanic deposits on the island. Leaf tissue of Pandanus tectorius was extracted and analysed to determine the bioaccumulation of the target metals. Metal accumulation at sites considered aerobic and anaerobic was investigated together with an attempt to correlate actual accumulation of the target metals in the plant tissue with a recognised bioavailability indicator, in this case, three step sequential extraction scheme. Manganese was found to be accumulated in relatively high concentrations and to a lesser extent Cu was also accumulated. Chromium, Ni and Fe however exhibited very low accumulation factors. Accumulation of Mn in particular was significantly a ected by aerobic conditions whereas the converse e ect was experienced by Cu. Significant correlation between various steps of a Sequential Extraction Scheme and actual accumulation was not achieved although the degree of aerobic conditions at each site and soil pH did a ect concentrations of metals extracted by di ering steps of SES. Results obtained suggest that further research in the area should be undertaken using di erent plant species and tissues.     

Biodegradability of soil water soluble organic carbon extracted from seven different soils

Water soluble organic carbon (WSOC) is considered the most mobile and reactive soil carbon source and its characterization is an important issue for soil ecology study. A biodegradability test was set up to study WSOC extracted from 7 soils differently managed. WSOC was extracted from soil with water (soil/water ratio of 1:2, W/V) for 30 min, and then tested for biodegradability by a liquid state respirometric test. Result obtained confirmed the finding that WSOC biodegradability depended on both land use and management practice. These results suggested the biodegradability test as suitable method to characterize WSOC, adding useful information to soil fertility.     

海洋沉积物中腐殖酸的提取与紫外吸收光谱特征

采用NaOH碱提法提取和纯化了海洋沉积物中的腐殖酸,研究了腐殖酸的紫外吸收光谱特征,考察了pH、盐度和溶解有机质对腐殖酸吸光度的影响。结果显示,pH对腐殖酸的吸光度有显著的影响,在pH<6.5的酸性和pH>8.5的碱性条件下吸光度随pH的增大而增强,但pH在6.5～8.5范围内对吸光度的影响不大。盐度和溶解有机质对腐殖酸的吸光度影响较小。     

烟气湿法脱硫装置吸收塔抗震计算与研究

通过研究火电厂烟气湿法脱硫喷淋式吸收塔的抗震计算理论,结合工作实际,提出吸收塔抗震计算的简化方法。     

浒苔提取物对4种赤潮微藻生长的抑制作用

通过测定藻细胞密度和细胞体积,观察藻细胞形态,分析藻细胞内叶绿素、蛋白质和多糖含量等生理指标的变化,研究了浒苔5种溶剂(甲醇、丙酮、乙酸乙酯、氯仿和石油醚)提取物对前沟藻(Amphidinium hoefleri)、米氏凯伦藻(Karenia mikimitoi)、塔玛亚历山大藻(Alexandrium tamarense)和中肋骨条藻(Skeletonema costatum)生长的抑制作用.结果表明,5种溶剂提取物中,甲醇提取物的抑藻作用最为显著.第10 d,其对前沟藻、米氏凯伦藻、塔玛亚历山大藻和中肋骨条藻的生长抑制率依次为54.0%、 48.1%、 44.0%和37.5%.同时发现,各溶剂提取物均能降低藻细胞运动能力.其中,甲醇、丙酮和乙酸乙酯提取物致使大部分藻细胞出现空洞、破碎和细胞色素明显减褪现象;而添加丙酮和乙酸乙酯提取物的部分藻细胞出现抱团现象.此外,乙酸乙酯、氯仿和石油醚提取物明显降低了藻细胞的体积.进一步研究发现,甲醇提取物明显降低了4种微藻细胞内叶绿素、蛋白质和多糖的含量,致使添加甲醇提取物的前沟藻、米氏凯伦藻、塔玛亚历山大藻和中肋骨条藻的叶绿素、蛋白质和多糖含量比对照组的相应含量低约51%.其余溶剂提取物同样改变了4种微藻细胞内此3种生理指标的含量,但影响并不显著.在此基础上,采用石油醚、乙酸乙酯和正丁醇对甲醇提取物进一步分离,获得4种提取物(石油醚相、乙酸乙酯相、正丁醇相和水相).其中,石油醚相和乙酸乙酯相的抑制作用较强,对4种微藻的生长抑制率超过25%.结果表明,利用甲醇浸泡浒苔可以获得具有明显抑藻活性的粗提物;此粗提物通过进一步的液液分离萃取后,获得2个能抑制4种测试微藻生长的组分.     

火电厂湿法烟气脱硫GGH换热器的利弊分析

本文根据近几年从事火电厂环评工作经验,结合环评实际过程中,2×600 MW燃煤机组脱硫工程安装GGH的优缺点和安装GGH后污染物排放对环境的影响进行了分析,同时结合国内外脱硫发展趋势分析了火电厂湿法烟气脱硫设置GGH的可行性,为有关部门制定相关环保法规和项目法人决策提供参考。