生活垃圾焚烧炉渣湿法处理前后化学特性表征

选取4个地区(编号为C、X、N、J)生活垃圾焚烧炉渣及其湿法处理后炉渣(分别称为原生炉渣及集料),针对元素成分、氧化物组分及重金属与溶盐的毒性浸出特性等开展实验分析。结果表明:(1)与原生炉渣对比,集料的化学元素含量变化较大,主要元素Si、Al、C含量均不同程度增加,而Cl、Fe及重金属Zn、Pb、Cr、Cu等含量基本降低;集料中SiO2和Al2O3均明显增加。(2)除C原生炉渣浸出液中Ni(7.62mg/L)严重超标外,其他3种原生炉渣浸出液中Pb、Cu、Ni浸出浓度均低于《危险废物鉴别标准浸出毒性鉴别》(GB 5085.3—2007)中浸出毒性鉴别标准值。与原生炉渣相比,除N集料外,其余集料浸出液中3种重金属(Pb、Cu、Ni)含量基本下降,特别是C集料浸出液中Ni浸出质量浓度下降到低于检测限;集料浸出液中Cl-和SO24-浸出浓度均下降,Cl-浸出质量浓度在C集料浸出液中下降最多,约下降72%,SO24-浸出质量浓度在J集料浸出液中下降最多,约下降86%。     

两级湿法脱硫脱硝除尘一体化工艺实践

在4.2 MW采暖锅炉上研发实践一体化脱硫脱硝、除尘系统,包括炉内催化法,将部分NO转化为NO_2,再以∩型布置一塔双循环。两级湿法分别采用离心法和反向喷淋法,末端使用离心除雾器降低烟气含水率使烟尘达标。对于脱硫脱硝系统,通过分析脱硫剂对烟尘的影响,一级喷淋系统使用Ca O法,SO_2、NO_2脱除率>70%。二级水中加入NH_3·H_2O,捕捉一级脱硫逃逸的Ca(OH)_2,再生(NH_4)_2SO_3组成双碱法(Ca O/NH_3)。提高Ca O利用率同时,使锅炉烟气中的SO_2、NO_x达标。连续运行结果:SO_2、NO_x、烟尘出口浓度分别为65,35,18 mg/m~3;离心除雾使烟气含水率由10%降低至4.3%,年耗水量较FGD工艺降低35%。     

氧化镁脱硫循环经济实践

笔者所负责天津开发区5号热源厂二期脱硫工程工艺选择时,经过技术经济比较,镁法比钙法年脱硫费用可节省256万元^[3],最终该项目选定氧化镁湿法工艺。其设计脱硫效率高达96.38％。经环保部门检测,在进口烟气SO2浓度2200mg／m^3情况下,该脱硫系统净化后烟气最大SO2折算浓度35.5mg／m^3,平均脱硫效率高达98.6％^[4]。     

餐厨垃圾生态循环综合处置方案初探

介绍了餐厨垃圾的特点及危害,以及我国餐厨垃圾处理的现状;分析比较了目前国内外餐厨垃圾几种常见处置方法.根据我国餐厨垃圾产生量大、含水率高、油脂和盐分含量高以及成分复杂等特点,提出了分类收集运输、源头预处理以及餐厨垃圾与其它添加物混合堆肥的生态循环综合处置方案,以期为餐厨垃圾处理提供借鉴.     

"负压干法除尘和正压湿法脱硫"工艺在燃煤锅炉烟气治理中的应用

介绍了“负压干法除尘和正压湿法脱硫”工艺在20t／h燃煤锅炉烟气脱硫除尘中的应用,及该工艺的设计过程、实际运行中的问题和达到的效果。     

火电厂脱硫技术浅析

随着公众对SO2污染危害的进一步认识,火电厂SO2的污染控制问题已越来越得到广泛的重视。现有火电厂多采用湿法石灰石-石膏烟气脱硫法,其脱硫效率可达95％以上。脱硫后的废水因含有多种污染因子,需经水、污泥系统处理后方可排放。     

浅议城市垃圾分类收集及综合处理

城市垃圾已成为当前众多城市面临的严峻问题。大力推行城市垃圾分类收集和综合处理,以实现垃圾减量化、资源化和无害化,是解决垃圾问题的必由之路。     

燃煤火电厂石灰石—石膏湿法烟气脱硫系统日常运行环保监督考核方法探讨

从二氧化硫总量减排环保监督管理的实际出发,结合日常监督工作的实例,分析影响烟气脱硫效率的因素,找出脱硫系统容易出现的故障,提出对脱硫系统日常监督考核的重点,探索建立烟气脱硫系统监督考核方法。     

Evaluation of mercury speciation and removal through air pollution control devices of a 190 MW boiler

Air pollution control devices (APCDs) are installed at coal-fired power plants for air pollutant regulation. Selective catalytic reduction (SCR) and wet flue gas desulfurization (FGD) systems have the co-benefits of air pollutant and mercury removal. Configuration and operational conditions of APCDs and mercury speciation a ect mercury removal e ciently at coal-fired utilities. The Ontario Hydro Method (OHM) recommended by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) was used to determine mercury speciation simultaneously at five sampling locations through SCR-ESP-FGD at a 190 MW unit. Chlorine in coal had been suggested as a factor a ecting the mercury speciation in flue gas; and low-chlorine coal was purported to produce less oxidized mercury (Hg2+) and more elemental mercury (Hg0) at the SCR inlet compared to higher chlorine coal. SCR could oxidize elemental mercury into oxidized mercury when SCR was in service, and oxidation e ciency reached 71.0%. Therefore, oxidized mercury removal e ciency was enhanced through a wet FGD system. In the non-ozone season, about 89.5%–96.8% of oxidized mercury was controlled, but only 54.9%–68.8% of the total mercury was captured through wet FGD. Oxidized mercury removal e ciency was 95.9%–98.0%, and there was a big di erence in the total mercury removal e ciencies from 78.0% to 90.2% in the ozone season. Mercury mass balance was evaluated to validate reliability of OHM testing data, and the ratio of mercury input in the coal to mercury output at the stack was from 0.84 to 1.08.     

家居危险废物收集处置模式探讨

通过对家居危险废物种类和危害分析,明确了对其分类收集与安全处置的必要性,指出当前家居危险废物收集处置上存在的问题与弊病,对家居危险废物收集处置的管理模式进行了深入探讨,并提出合理化建议。