垃圾渗滤液的Fenton氧化预处理研究

采用Fenton氧化法对垃圾渗滤液进行预处理,考察了渗滤液初始pH值、H2O2和FeSO4.7H2O投加量、H2O2/Fe2＋投加的物质的量比及氧化反应时间等对Fenton氧化处理效果的影响,获得Fenton氧化处理垃圾渗滤液的最佳工艺条件：初始pH=3.0,H2O2投加量为5.0 mL.L-1,FeSO4.7H2O投加量为3.48 g.L-1,H2O2/Fe2＋物质的量比为4-1,反应时间为1.5 h。最佳条件下处理后垃圾渗滤液COD为5 220 mg.L-1,COD去除率达57.8%。凝胶渗透色谱和三维荧光光谱分析结果表明,垃圾渗滤液中主要含有腐殖酸类大分子物质,经Fenton氧化后降解变成小分子化合物。     

采空区高硫煤层自燃机理及新型凝胶阻化剂的应用

煤炭自燃造成巨大的能源损失和环境灾害,为减少煤炭自燃,本文从分析采空区高硫煤层自燃机理人手,研究了凝胶阻化剂的综合防火机理,自主研制了新型凝胶阻化剂,在凝胶阻化剂的基料水玻璃中加入了石灰石.基于石灰平等互利高硫矿中的硫发生化学反应,从而从根本上降低了高硫矿的吸氧能力抑制了煤层的自燃发火.通过在矿山中进行应用,结果表明,该阻化剂能有效地阻止煤炭自燃,并且成本低廉.     

二氧化钛膜光催化降解水中壬基酚的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法于500℃制备了不同层数的锐钛矿纳米二氧化钛（TiO2）薄膜。利用TiO2薄膜作催化剂,研究了水中壬基酚（NP）的紫外光降解特性。考察了镀膜层数、pH值、初始浓度、光照距离和光照时间与降解率的关系。结果表明,镀3层膜,pH值为5．0～6．0,光照距离为9cm,光照时间为60min的条件下,ρ（NP）初始为100μg/L时降解率可达80％以上。     

纳米二氧化钛/针铁矿的制备及其光催化性能的研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法,以钛酸丁酯为原料制备纳米级二氧化钛,将其负栽于采用化学沉淀法以九水硝酸铁为原料制备的针铁矿上,对复合材料进行透射电镜分析,确定了制备的最佳影响因素,将2种溶胶进行复合提膜,研究其光催化效率.     

Fe~(3+)/TiO_2薄膜光催化降解UDMH废水的研究

研究Fe3+掺杂的TiO2薄膜对偏二甲肼废水光催化降解作用,考察了影响Fe3+掺杂的TiO2薄膜光催化降解偏二甲肼废水的效果的相关因素,结果表明最佳操作条件为:Fe3+掺杂TiO2薄膜的摩尔分数为0.5%,煅烧温度为500℃,煅烧时间为3h,催化降解反应时偏二甲肼废水为中性或弱碱性,催化降解温度为25℃。     

载银TiO_2光催化剂的合成及活性研究

以钛酸四正丁酯为起始原料,采用溶胶-微波法合成出TiO2纳米粒子,借助XRD、UV-Vis吸收光谱等测试手段对其进行了表征,并以罗丹明B为模型污染物考察了酸水比、微波反应温度和微波反应时间等因素对样品光催化性能的影响。结果表明,溶胶-微波法制备TiO2的最佳工艺条件为:酸水比7:1,微波反应温度150℃,反应时间8min。以最佳工艺条件下制备的TiO2为原料,采用光还原法成功制备出载Ag纳米TiO(2摩尔比为1:1),将该光催化剂置于自然光下用于采油厂工业废水的处理,太阳光下照射10h,COD去除率达到92.35%。     

Leaching of phosphorus from incinerated sewage sludge ash by means of acid extraction followed by adsorption on orange waste gel

Ashes from sewage sludge incineration have a high phosphorus content, approximately 8% (W/W), which indicates a potential resource of the limiting nutrient. Incineration of sewage sludge with subsequent recovery of phosphorus is a relatively new sludge treatment technique. In this article, the leaching of phosphorus by using sulfuric acid as well as hydrochloric acid by means of several batch experiments was presented. At the same time a selective recovery of phosphorus by adsorption was also discussed. The e ects of acid concentration, temperature and time on extraction were studied. The phosphorus leaching increased with the increase in acid concentration and temperature. Kinetic studies showed that the complete leaching of phosphorus took place in less than 4 h. Selective adsorption of phosphorus by using orange waste gel provided a hint for recovery of this natural resource, which eventually could meet the ever-increasing requirement for phosphorus. The overall results indicated that the incinerated sewage sludge ash can be treated with acid to e ciently recover phosphorus and thus can be considered a potentially renewable source of phosphorus.     

Combining material characterization with single and multi-oxyanion adsorption for mechanistic study of chromate removal by cationic hydrogel

Cationic hydrogel with magnetic property was synthesized via radical polymerization and its removal capacity of chromate from contaminated water was found to be 200 mg/g. Using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) study, the mechanism of chromate removal by hydrogel was found to be non-specific adsorption, mainly due to ion exchange, as evidenced by the positively charged functional group, trimethyl ammonium –N+(CH3)3; in the monomer. Verifications were accordingly determined by testing different oxyanion adsorption onto the hydrogel. The results of the chromate adsorption experiments illustrated that the amount of chromate adsorbed was nearly equal to that of the chloride released from the hydrogel, which is part of the evidence for ion exchange. Single and multi-oxyanion adsorption experiments were also performed, and it was demonstrated that ion removal was species independent, but charge dependent, another characteristic of the ion exchange process. It was found that the same Langmuir model can be applied to best fit the findings of single and multi-oxyanion adsorption, which further indicates the mechanism of chromate removal is attributed to ion exchange. In view of the above, the background anions compete for adsorption sites with chromate, evidenced by inhibitive chromate removal in the presence of background electrolytes in the batch studies, further echoing the ion exchange mechanism.     

气相色谱-质谱法检测牡蛎中有机磷农药多残留

以加速溶剂萃取、凝胶渗透色谱和固相萃取净化,利用气相色谱与质谱检测牡蛎体内有机磷残留.样品经丙酮-二氯甲烷专笔取,提取液用凝胶渗透色谱除去脂类、蛋白质和大部分的色素,再经HLB-PSA串联小柱净化.采用GC-MS定性,GG-FPD定量.方法的检测限为0.5-3.0μg·kg-1(以3倍信噪比计).加标水平为5.0-20...     

锂离子电池负极材料Li4Ti5O12的制备及性能

以无机物(TiCl4)为原料,把TiCl4溶于去离子水中水解制备出Ti4+溶液,通过"外凝胶"法制备出干凝胶前驱体,然后再用固相法制备出具有尖晶石结构的钛酸锂(Li4Ti5O12)粉末.通过X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)分析显示,合成了物相单一且分散性较好的钛酸锂(Li4Ti5Oi2)粉末.较小的粒径和疏松的...