Coulometric determination of dissolved hydrogen with a multielectrolytic modified carbon felt electrode-based sensor

A multielectrolytic modified carbon electrode (MEMCE) was fabricated by the electrolytic-oxidation/reduction processes. First, the functional groups containing nitrogen atoms such as amino group were introduced by the electrode oxidation of carbon felt electrode in an ammonium carbamate aqueous solution, and next, this electrode was electroreduced in sulfuric acid. The redox waves between hydrogen ion and hydrogen molecule at highly positive potential range appeared in the cyclic voltammogram obtained by MEMCE. A coulometric cell using MEMCE with a catalytic activity of electrooxidation of hydrogen molecule was constructed and was used for the measurement of dissolved hydrogen. The typical current vs. time curve was obtained by the repetitive measurement of the dissolved hydrogen. These curves indicated that the measurement of dissolved hydrogen was finished completely in a very short time (ca. 10 sec). A linear relationship was obtained between the electrical charge needed for the electrooxidation process of hydrogen molecule and dissolved hydrogen concentration. This indicates that the developed coulometric method can be used for the determination of the dissolved hydrogen concentration.     

紫外-微臭氧工艺降解饮用水中邻氯对硝基苯胺的研究

以水中持久性有机物邻氯对硝基苯胺为目标物质,用紫外-微臭氧工艺对其进行降解,同时研究了紫外,紫外-臭氧和紫外-空气三种工艺的降解效果。结果表明:紫外-微臭氧工艺对水中持久性有机物的降解过程符合一级动力学反应。对于邻氯对硝基苯胺的3种初始浓度0.625,1.32,3.125 mg/L,紫外-微臭氧去除率分别达71.4%、78.8%、54.5%,降解效果低于紫外-臭氧工艺,但远好于其余三种工艺。紫外-微臭氧工艺的去除效果受到初始浓度,叔丁醇和初始pH值的影响。初始浓度在1.32 mg/L时去除率最高,初始浓度不应过高或者过低。加入叔丁醇使得去除率下降13%³1%。随着pH由4增加到9,去除率逐渐升高,较高的pH值有利于反应的进行。     

Water extraction kinetics of metals, arsenic and dissolved organic carbon from industrial contaminated poplar leaves

In industrial areas, tree leaves contaminated by metals and metalloids could constitute a secondary source of pollutants. In the present study, water extraction kinetics of inorganic elements （IE： Pb, Zn, Cd, As, Fe and Mn）, dissolved organic carbon, pH and biological activity were studied for industrial contaminated poplar leaves. Moreover, the distribution of the IE through the size fractions of the associated top soil was measured. High quantities ofMn, Zn and As and polysaccharides were released in the solution from the strongly contaminated leaves. The kinetic of release varied with time and metal type. The solution pH decreased while dissolved organic contents increased with time after 30 days. Therefore, these contaminated leaves could constitute a source of more available organic metals and metalloids than the initial inorganic process particles. However, the distribution of the IE through the size fractions of the top soil suggested that a great part of the released IE was adsorbed, reducing in consequence their transfers and bioavailability. It＇s concluded that mobility/boioavailability and speciation of metals and metalloids released from the decomposition of polluted tree leaves depends on soil characteristics, pollutant type and litter composition, with consequences for environmental risk assessment.     

海洋微藻对游离氨基酸的利用特性研究

分别以4种游离氨基酸——丙氨酸、甘氨酸、谷氨酸和天冬氨酸为唯一氮源,采用实验室一次性培养的方法,研究典型赤潮藻——东海原甲藻(Prorocentrum donghaiense)、球形棕囊藻(Phaeoecystis globosa)和米氏凯伦藻(Karenia mikimotoi)及常见种类中肋骨条藻(Skeletonema costatum)的生长特性、光合特征及对氨基酸的吸收动力学特征,以无机氮源硝氮、氨氮作为对照.研究结果表明,在无菌条件下,东海原甲藻和球形棕囊藻可以利用多种游离氨基酸快速生长,而米氏凯伦藻和中肋骨条藻在以游离氨基酸为唯一氮源条件下不能维持生长.东海原甲藻和球形棕囊藻在丙氨酸中的生长速率最高,天冬氨酸和谷氨酸次之,甘氨酸最低.氨基酸处理组的Fv/Fm值在培养后期降幅小、降速慢,且高于无机氮处理组.东海原甲藻和球形棕囊藻对丙氨酸的最大吸收速率和半饱和常数分别为3.32、0.41pmol·cell-1·h-1和6.99和20.54pmol·L-1.因此,海洋微藻对游离氨基酸的吸收利用具有显著的种间差异,东海原甲藻和球形棕囊藻具有更广的氮营养生态位,在近海有机污染不断加剧的背景下,更容易形成优势甚至暴发赤潮.     

电子废弃物的预处理技术

主要探讨硝酸-硫酸这一混酸体系溶解电子废弃物的条件。试验表明：在60℃下，1．23mol／L硝酸和3．22mol／L．硫酸组成的混酸体系与电子废弃物在机械搅拌下反应2h，就可使得电子废弃物的溶解率达到93％以上，铜的浸出率达到99％以上。     

重铬酸钾法测定COD的影响因素分析

化学需氧量(COD)是评价水质有机污染程度的重要参数,在水质监测和水体污染治理中发挥着重要作用。文章探讨了空白实验用水、Cl~-和消解时间等对COD测定的影响。实验结果表明:蒸馏水的空白COD值较低,更适合做空白组。水样的COD值越大,Cl~-的干扰越小,使用COD-Cl~-标准曲线校正法测定高氯水样,测定结果相对偏差在2.4%内,恒温消解2 h偏差最小。比较了四种消除Cl~-干扰的测定方法,得出COD-Cl~-标准曲线校正法更加适用于测定低COD高氯水样。     

生物流化床反应器在处理含氯代芳香化合物废水中的应用

氯代芳香化合物是工业废水中重要污染物之一。本文介绍了氯代芳香化合物的降解机理、生物流化床的特点及其处理氯代芳香化合物的应用，为含氯代芳香化合物的废水处理提供参考。     

几种危险化学品常识及其应对措施

一、五氯硝基苯 纯品为无色或微黄色晶体,有发霉的气味,熔点146℃,沸点328℃,相对密度(水:1)1.72,可燃,不溶于水,微溶于醇、苯、氯仿、二硫化碳.五氯硝基苯对环境有严重危害,应特别注意对水体的污染.     

国外动态

一种新型飞灰回收利用法ChemicalEngineering ,2 0 0 3,110 (3) :17　　日本Rasa公司与太平洋金属公司合作 ,开发出一种被称作Para Eco的回收系统 ,用于垃圾焚烧产生的飞灰的回收处理。采用该法对垃圾处理规模为 10t/d焚烧炉所产生的飞灰进行试验后 ,现已投放市场。将飞灰与 2 %～ 5 %的焦炭和一种含有钙和镁的无机助熔剂混合 ,然后在直流炉及还原气氛中将其加热到 180 0K。铁和非铁金属 (如铜和铬 )熔化 ,作为一种铁合金 (约占飞灰总量的 5 % )从炉底排出。一种熔融态炉渣从电炉的中部排出。采用两种不同的方法对炉渣进行处理 :一种是用…     

溶解乙炔气瓶的安全使用

乙炔是焊割作业中不可缺少的一种能源。随着科学技术的发展,产生了一种新的节约能源、减少公害、使用方便、安全可靠的新产品──溶解乙炔。 溶解乙炔在使用中,也不同程度地存在着一些问题,如氧气瓶与乙炔气瓶设置在同一地点,无安全距离;乙炔气瓶经倾斜搬运和水平滚动,未竖直静放10～15分钟便投入使用;乙炔气瓶倾斜和卧放使用;乙炔气瓶内应留的余压未达到规定标准或没有余压;乙炔气瓶内留的余压过多,充装单位没有检查或检查不认真,充装时造成气瓶超压等。这些问题,对安全使用构成威胁。 气瓶是使用最普遍的一种移动式压力容器。按盛装的气体…