Characteristics of sewage sludge and distribution of heavy metal in plants with amendment of sewage sludge

In order to better understand land application of sewage sludge, the characterization of heavy metals and organic pollutants were investigated in three different sewage sludges in Shanghai City, China. It was found that the total concentrations of Cd in all of sewage sludge and total concentrations of Zn in Jinshan sewage sludge, as well as those ofZn, Cu, and Ni in Taopu sludge are higher than Chinese regulation limit of pollutants for sludge to be used in agriculture. Leachability of rig in all of studied samples and that of Cd in Taopu sewage sludge exceed the limit values of waste solid extraction standard in China legislation. Based on the characteristics for three kinds of sewage sludge, a pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of soil amended with Quyang sewage sludge on the accumulation of heavy metalo.by Begonia semperfloreas-hybr; Ophiopogon japonicas （L.F.） Ker-Gaw; Loropetalum chindense-var, rubrum; Dendranthema morifolium; Viola tricolor; A ntirrhinum majas; Buxas radicans Sieb; Viburnum macrocephalum; Osmanthas fragrans Lour; Cinnamomum camphora siebold and Ligustrum lucidum ait. Results showed that 8 species of plant survived in the amended soil, and moreover they flourished as well as those cultivated in the control soil. The heavy metal concentration in plants varied with species, As, Pb, Cd and Cr concentration being the highest in the four herbaceous species studied, particularly in the roots of D. morifolium. These plants, however, did not show accumulator of As, Pb, Cd and Cr. The highest concentration of Ni and Hg was found in the roots ofD. morifolium, followed by the leaves ofB. semperflorens-hybr. Levels of Zn and Cu were much higher in D. morifolium than in the other plant species. D. morifolium accumulated Ni, Hg, Cu and Zn, which may contribute to the decrease of heavy metal contents in the amended soil. Treatment with sewage sludge did not significantly affect the uptake of heavy metals by the L. chindense-var, rubrum, however, it significantly affected the uptake of heavy metals by D. morifolium.     

污水直接膜过滤用于农灌可行性试验

本试验尝试用膜直接截留污水中对人体健康有害的细菌病毒,而保留水中对作物有益的氮、磷等营养元素,以期实现水、肥双成分资源化。试验结果表明,无论是微滤膜还是超滤膜均对细菌及粪大肠菌有很高的截留率(99.9%～99.999%),污水中有机物、氮与磷的保留率分别为32%～67%、72%～78%和60%～62%。用渗滤液灌溉的小麦较之清水灌溉和常规灌溉的小麦,麦穗单重分别提高13%和7.5%。     

磁微滤膜法高效脱氮除磷技术的试验研究

通过对磁微滤膜法高效脱氮除磷技术的试验研究,对比研究了工艺流程1“微磁絮凝反应系统-磁微滤分离系统-Bio-O好氧池”与工艺流程2“Bio-O好氧池-微磁絮凝反应系统-磁微滤分离系统”的脱氮除磷效果。考察生化工艺(Bio-O好氧池)的除磷能力,以及对物化工艺(磁微滤)加药量的影响。结果表明,磁微滤分离系统对总磷去除率平均为94%,Bio-O好氧池对氨氮的去除率>90%,硝化负荷最高可达0.33 kgNH₃-N/m³/d。工艺流程2中,生化工艺在前,Bio-O的生物除磷作用不仅减少了后段磁微滤工艺的加药量,药剂投加量上可节约40%,还有利于提高磁微滤膜法整体工艺的稳定性,系统抗冲击负荷更高。综合考虑,工艺流程2更适用于污水脱氮除磷,在减少物化加药量的同时,可保证出水总磷及悬浮物稳定达标。     

2,4-滴、灭草松和多种酚类的快速检测方法探讨

采用Waters Oasis HLB柱分离富集水样,用超高效液相色谱法同时测定水中2,4-滴、灭草松和7种酚类。通过优化试验条件,使方法在0. 03 mg/L～10. 0 mg/L范围内线性良好,方法检出限为0. 03μg/L～0. 12μg/L,自来水水样的回收率为84. 4%～109%,RSD为0. 8%～3. 7%。     

生物滴滤塔处理模拟甲硫醚废气

在常温条件下,采用生物滴滤塔处理模拟甲硫醚废气,考察了气体空床停留时间(EBRT)、容积负荷、喷淋密度及营养液pH对生物滴滤塔性能的影响。实验结果表明:当EBRT为90 s、进气甲硫醚质量浓度为150 mg/m~3、喷淋密度为0.65 m~3/(m~2·h),营养液pH为6.8时,甲硫醚去除率为90%;容积负荷高于15 g/(m~3·h)时,对生物滴滤塔的性能产生抑制作用;EBRT为90 s及60 s时,最佳喷淋密度分别为0.56~0.65 m~3/(m~2·h)及0.65~0.75 m~3/(m~2·h);降解甲硫醚的微生物对pH的变化较敏感,最适营养液pH为6~7。     

盐析分相微萃取—高效液相色谱法测定水中含氯除草剂

采用盐析分相微萃取—高效液相色谱法同时测定水中3种含氯除草剂,建立并优化了反相离子对液相色谱条件,考察了萃取剂种类、盐析剂的种类和加入量及试样pH对萃取效果的影响。对氯苯氧乙酸、2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸和2,4-滴丁酯的质量浓度在0.1~100.0mg/L内与色谱峰面积呈良好的线性关系,相关系数不低于0.9992。平均回收率分别为96.29%、79.16%和70.21%,相对标准偏差小于5.3%。该方法操作简便、绿色环保,适合于水中含氯除草剂的测定。     

臭氧催化氧化-曝气生物滤池处理难生物降解废水的方法

正该专利涉及一种臭氧催化氧化-曝气生物滤池处理难生物降解废水的方法。将废水与来自臭氧发生系统的混有氧气的臭氧混合,通过设在臭氧催化反应区底部的滤板均匀进入臭氧催化氧化区;在臭氧催化氧化剂陶粒上端装填普通生物陶粒;臭氧催化氧化剂的装填高度为0.3~1.0 m;废水与臭氧在臭氧催化氧化剂陶粒的催化作用下充分氧化反应,破坏废水中难生物降解的有机     

生物滴滤塔处理氯苯废气的工艺性能

将活性污泥培养及驯化后接种于生物滴滤塔中,挂膜启动后处理模拟氯苯废气（简称氯苯废气）,考察了生物滴滤塔在挂膜启动阶段及稳定运行阶段的性能。实验结果表明：接种41 d后生物滴滤塔成功挂膜,此时氯苯去除率稳定在90%以上;生物滴滤塔稳定运行阶段,随着进气中氯苯质量浓度由303.82 mg/m³逐渐增至1 489.05 mg/m³,氯苯去除率从85.1%降至70.1%。处理氯苯废气适宜的工艺条件为：空塔停留时间超过45 s,喷淋液流量31.8 mL/min,氯苯负荷23.97~128.01 g/（m³·h）。生物滴滤塔对喷淋液的酸性环境有较好的适应性,喷淋液pH的变化对氯苯去除率无显著影响。     

酸性洗涤塔-生物滤塔-生物曝气池组合工艺处理恶臭气体NH3和H2S

采用酸性洗涤塔、生物滤塔和生物曝气池的组合工艺处理NH3、H2S恶臭混合气体,研究表明,该组合工艺对NH3和H2S有很好的去除效果,在进气流量为35 L/min,喷淋量45 L/h时,NH3进气浓度50.15~525.4 mg/m3,H2S进气浓度10.23~110.36 mg/m3时,NH3单一进气去除率稳定在99%以上,H2S单一进气去除率90%以上。混合进气后,NH3去除率几乎为100%,H2S的去除率提高至98%以上。在一定的浓度范围内,NH3和H2S之间的相互作用对两者的去除效果没有明显的影响,而且起到了相互促进降解的作用。同时,进气流量和填料层高度都会影响NH3、H2S的去除率。系统对进气容积负荷变化的缓冲能力强,在偶尔超负荷条件下运行并不能使系统崩溃,并且微生物对高负荷逐渐表现出适应性。大部分溶于水的氨由生物曝气池去除,去除率达到96.9%。     

Study on the performance of gravel less perforated pipe leach fields on domestic sewage treatment

以壤土、河砂为填充基质,构建了5个无砾石微孔管地下渗滤系统,在3.3 cm/d的水力负荷下,比较了5个系统对生活污水的处理效果.结果表明,无砾石微孔管地下渗滤系统对生活污水具有较好的处理效果,其中以上层填充河砂、下层填充壤土的系统C对生活污水的综合处理效果最好,其对COD、TP、浊度、NH3-N、TN的平均去除率分别为82.4％、74.1％、94.2％、98.4％、59.3％,相比传统的全部填充壤土的系统A分别提高了1.4、21.9、5.1、61.8、18.6百分点,且出水COD、TP、浊度、NH3-N、TN均达到了国家《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB18918-2002)的一级标准.对系统NH3-N和TN的去除机制分析表明,碳氮比过低可能是导致TN去除效果不理想的主要原因.