国内外活性炭试验方法标准的差异分析

个人防护装备中的防毒面具和防毒服,以及集体防护器材--滤毒通风装置等,都把活性炭或以活性炭为载体的浸渍活性炭作为一种主要的吸附、滤毒、装填材料。除化学防护、国防军事应用外,活性炭以其发达的孔隙结构、巨大的比表面积     

Isolation and characterization of a thermophilic Bacillus shackletonii K5 from a biotrickling filter for the production of polyhydroxybutyrate

Polyhydroxyalkanoates（PHAs） are aliphatic polyesters accumulated intracellularly by both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. However, compared to the PHAs of Gramnegative bacteria, few endotoxins（lipopolysaccharides, LPS）, which would be co-purified with PHAs and cause immunogenic reactions, are found in the PHAs produced by Gram-positive bacteria. A thermophilic Gram-positive bacterium K5, which exhibited good growth and polyhydroxybutyrate（PHB）-accumulating ability, has been isolated and characterized from a biotrickling filter designed for the removal of NOx from flue gas in a coal-fired power plant in China. Based on the biochemical characterization and 16 S rRNA gene sequence（Genbank accession no. JX437933）, the strain K5 has been identified as Bacillus shackletonii, which has rarely been reported in the literature, and this report is the first time that B. shackletonii has been found to accumulate PHB. The strain K5 was able to utilize glucose as carbon source to synthesize PHB at a broad range of temperatures（from 35 to 50 °C）, and the ideal temperature was 45 °C. The strain K5 could effectively yield PHB of up to 69.9% of its cell dry weight（CDW）（2.28 g/L） in flask experiments employing glucose as carbon source at 45 °C, followed by 56.8% and 52.3% of its CDW when using sodium succinate and glycerol as carbon source, respectively. For batch cultivation, the strain K5 was able to produce PHB of up to 72.6% of its cell dry weight（9.76 g/L） employing glucose as carbon source at 45 °C and pH 7.0.     

底物和曝气方式对城市污泥生物沥滤的影响

采用容积为5 L的生物沥滤反应器,探讨了底物硫酸亚铁盐和单质硫粉的不同投配比、空气与CO2的曝气比对生物沥滤去除城市污泥中重金属过程的影响。结果表明,仅投加10 g/L S粉为底物时,污泥出现最低pH值为1.87;随着Fe2+在Fe2+和S粉混合物作为底物中占的比例逐渐增大时,最终pH值逐渐增加;采用6种不同曝空气强度进行生物沥滤实验,曝气强度控制为1 L/min时污泥酸化效果和重金属滤出效果最佳;在此基础上补充曝CO2,随着空气和CO2曝气比的增大,污泥酸化速率变化不大;在底物单质硫粉添加量为10 g/L、空气和CO2曝气量分别为1.0和0.03 L/min时,整个生物沥滤体系运行效果最佳,重金属As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Ni、Pb和Zn的去除率分别达到99.46%、92.02%、79.70%、92.12%、81.70%、86.58%和87.81%,同时有机质和氮磷钾的含量满足农用污泥的要求,处理后的污泥具有较高的农用价值。     

新型蜂窝过滤式除尘器的结构及原理

2012年05月24日,环保部公布了《空气质量新标准第一阶段监测实施方案》,PM2.5被纳入强制性监测指标。随着国家对粉尘浓度排放要求的进一步提高,大部分企业都有对现有除尘器升级换代的需求。目前已有部分火电厂将电除尘器改造为袋式除尘器以提高除尘效率[1];铅酸蓄电池行业对铅烟的处理工艺要求在传统的洗涤除尘器末端增加高效的滤筒除尘器[2]。一直以来业界都在寻求一种高效稳定的除尘方式。蜂窝过滤式除尘器是一种新型的除尘技术,本文将对该除尘器的结构及其工作原理进行分析。     

生物滴滤塔净化含硫混合废气

利用甲硫醚(DMS)降解菌Alcaligenes sp.SY1和丙硫醇(PT)降解菌Pseudomonas putida.S-1强化生物滴滤塔(BTF)处理DMS和PT的混合废气,研究了其挂膜启动及稳定运行阶段的降解性能,并考察了该系统同时去除H2S的能力.结果表明,BTF在DMS和PT进口浓度均为50 mg·m-3,EBRT为30 s的条件下,运行11 d即可完成挂膜启动,填料上的生物量明显增加,DMS、PT的去除率分别可达到90%和100%.系统稳定运行时,DMS和PT的最大去除负荷分别为8.7 g·(m~3·h)~(-1)和12.4 g·(m~3·h)~(-1),PT的去除效果更佳.DMS和PT混合废气在降解过程中,PT对DMS的降解有较明显的抑制作用,当PT进气浓度大于51 mg·m-3时,DMS的去除效率下降.BTF还能同时有效去除H2S,当混合废气中H2S浓度达到230 mg·m-3时,H2S去除率仍能高达98%,但是115 mg·m-3以上的H2S会对DMS的降解产生不利影响.     

颗粒载体生物滴滤床处理低浓度污水对比试验研究

选用生物陶粒和Hat Creek煤两种颗粒载体,应用于滴滤床颗粒填料生物反应器模型中,进行去除有机污染物的性能对比试验研究。研究表明,生物陶粒可作为滴滤床填料去除低浓度污水中的有机污染物,但在贫营养条件时,处理效果不如Hat Creek煤;而在进水浓度或水量增加,营养不成为限定因素的运行条件下,其极限负荷与处理效果明显要优于Hat Creek煤。     

餐饮废水的综合处理研究

本实验采用一种新型的复合混凝剂净水灵DH-3处理餐饮废水,再将处理后的水进行砂滤和活性炭吸附,深度处理后,可以达到国家排放标准,并且还确定了混凝沉淀处理的主要参数。     

膜集成技术在水处理中的应用

膜技术是一种高效、低能耗和易操作的液体分离技术,在水处理领域有很好的应用前景.但由于废水的复杂性,单一膜技术很难达到处理要求,而且容易导致膜的污染及损坏.介绍了几种常见的膜集成技术在水处理中的应用,着重介绍了微滤/超滤与反渗透集成技术的应用.     

生物过滤塔和生物滴滤塔净化α-蒎烯性能比较

分别采用以木屑/泥炭为填料的生物过滤塔(BF)和以聚氨酯小球为填料的生物滴滤塔(BTF)净化α-蒎烯废气,比较两者的挂膜时间及对α-蒎烯的降解性能.结果表明,采用气液相联合方法,过滤塔和滴滤塔分别在21d和27d内完成挂膜;扫描电镜观察表明,填料上生物膜菌群生长良好,优势菌为杆菌和球菌.在α-蒎烯进口浓度80～2200mg.m-3、空床停留时间(EBRT)29～102s条件下,两者对α-蒎烯均有较好的去除效果,过滤塔与滴滤塔的最大去除负荷分别为50g.m-.3h-1和43g.m-.3h-1;滤塔中CO2生成量与α-蒎烯降解量之间呈线性关系,通过线性拟合得出过滤塔与滴滤塔的α-蒎烯矿化率分别为74%与68%,滤塔中减少的α-蒎烯主要被微生物利用而去除.菌落数(CFU)分析表明,在挂膜阶段滤塔微生物数量增长明显,稳定运行阶段菌落数随着EBRT的延长而增加,在EBRT102s条件下单位反应器空间内过滤塔和滴滤塔菌落数分别为5.52×1014cfu.m-3和1.84×1014cfu.m-3.     

Invertebrate community characteristics in biologically active carbon filter

Biologically active carbon (BAC) system was set up in a water plant of South China during January to December 2007,to study the invertebrate community characteristics of BAC filter.Thirty-seven invertebrate species were found,of which 28 belonging to rotifers.Filter operation could lead to an output of invertebrates in high abundances with the filtrate,and the maximum density could reach 5608 individuals/m 3.Average abundances in the effluent water increased in 27-33 folds in comparison to the influent water during the sampling period.Invertebrate community succession had the following trend:filter-feeding animals → small benthic invertebrates → large benthic and resistant invertebrates.Abundances of large-sized invertebrates (copepod adult and oligochaete) at bigger-media column were significantly higher than that at small-media column.The results implied the abundant species diversity of invertebrate in BAC filter.The relationship between invertebrate and biofilm still remain to be studied in detail.