热带滨海区不同土地利用背景下土壤溶解性有机氮的组成与粒径分布特征

溶解态有机氮(DON)是土壤中活跃的氮库,其生态环境行为与它的化学组成和粒径分布密切相关。为评估热带滨海区不同土地利用方式对不同粒径中土壤溶解性有机氮组成特征的影响,从水稻田、橡胶园、菜园和果园采集土壤样品,通过一系列微滤和超滤(0.7,0.45,0.2,0.1μm,100,10,1 kDa)对土壤溶解性有机氮分级,并使用连续流动分析仪、三维荧光光谱和红外光谱研究了滤液中溶解态有机氮、无机氮的含量及荧光组分和有机官能团特征。结果表明,4种土地利用背景下土壤DON值的范围为5.25-10.88 mg·kg^-1,其大小顺序为水稻>菜园>果树>橡胶,且DON与溶解性总氮(DTN)的比值范围为26.08%-67.11%,其中橡胶土最高,水稻土最低;不同粒径下4种土地利用类型土壤DON主要集中在<100 kDa的粒径中,其值范围为4.85-9.48 mg·kg^-1,占全量的85.89%-92.41%。三维荧光光谱(3D-EEMs)及平行因子分析表明,4种土地利用背景下土壤DON含有两种类腐殖质组分及一种类蛋白质组分,且以类腐殖质组分为主,占比54.00%-77.67%;类蛋白组分对土地利用变化敏感,且随着粒径的减小,类蛋白组分占比增加,在<1 kDa组分中比例最高。红外光谱结果表明,4种土地利用背景下土壤DON主要在6个位置有相似的吸收峰,包含3410 cm^-1、1636 cm^-1、1402 cm^-1、1138-1035 cm^-1、673 cm^-1、602 cm^-1,不同土地利用背景下各吸收峰的透光度不同,强度最大的吸收来自游离的胺类N-H伸缩振动;水稻、菜园土壤DON芳香物质含量较高,结构较复杂。了解DON的组成与粒径分布对土地利用的响应,对进一步研究其生态环境行为具有重要意义。     

中亚热带木兰科基因库营建技术研究

本文介绍了中亚热带木兰科基因库营建技术和方法;经过多年收集,基因库共栽培木兰科植物7属82种,通过对木兰科植物幼树生长结果的分析,认为在82种中长势尚好者有33种,生长优良者有14种;据此,确定了16种优良用材树种和34种优良园林绿化树种。     

台风灾害时空特征分析与评估模型构建

基于1993—2016年中国热带气旋灾情资料分析台风灾害及其损失(死亡人数、受淹农田面积、直接经济损失)的时空特征，并构建定性和定量模型评估台风导致的直接经济损失。结果表明：(1)1993—2016年间三类灾害损失呈下降趋势，且局地受灾程度与区域经济发展和台风登陆频次密切相关；(2)沿海地区的登陆台风以中等强度为主，且目前的防台减灾政策有一定成效；(3)通过构建组合分类模型和BP神经网络回归模型可以更好地评估直接经济损失，且两个模型的最终预测精度均达到了较高水平(86.08%和80%)。     

Effects of soil warming and nitrogen deposition on leaf and soil stoichiometric characteristics of Cunninghamia lanceolata saplings北大核心CSCD

Warming and nitrogen deposition directly or indirectly affect the plant-soil element cycle under global change. To examine the effects of warming and nitrogen deposition on leaf and soil carbon (C), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) contents, and their stoichiometric ratios in Cunninghamia lanceolata saplings, four types of treatments were assigned: control (CT), warming (W, + 4 ºC), nitrogen deposition (N, 40 kg ha-1 a-1), and warming + nitrogen deposition (WN) treatments. The results showed that: (1) compared with CT, W treatment significantly decreased leaf P content by 54.54% and increased leaf C/P and N/P by 85.26% and 83.39%, respectively; WN treatment significantly decreased leaf C content and P content by 1.99% and 51.03%, respectively, but increased the leaf C/P by 68.01% with no significant differences in leaf N content among treatments. The leaf N/P ratio of each treatment was less than 10, but that of the W and WN treatments were closer to 10 than that of the CT treatment. Meanwhile, W and WN treatments significantly increased tree height. (2) No significant differences were observed in soil total carbon (TC), total nitrogen (TN), and total phosphorus (TP) contents among treatments. Compared with CT, W treatment significantly decreased soil C/N by 4.09%, while neither W nor WN treatment affected soil C/P and N/P. W treatment increased the available soil content compared to CT treatment. (3) The correlation analysis showed that leaf N content was significantly negatively correlated with soil C/N in the CT treatment; in the W treatment leaf N content and N/P were significantly positively correlated with soil TN and TP content, respectively. Leaf N content was significantly negatively correlated with soil TC and TN in the N treatment, and leaf contents had no significant correlation with soil C, N, and P contents or their stoichiometric characteristics in the WN treatment. This study showed that N limitation still exists in C. lanceolata saplings. Warming and the interaction between warming and nitrogen deposition could alleviate N limitation and promote the growth of C. lanceolata. © 2022 Authors. All rights reserved.     

绿可医心

正安于一隅的日子里,虽然平静,却缺少新鲜的感觉。消磨着寻常生活,蛰伏的心偶尔也会默然向往,向往一段随意漫游的时光,向往一场说走就走的旅行。五月里,从北向南,飞越千山万水,抵达厦门时,这座滨海之城正飘着细雨。出了机场,呼吸着南国温润的空气,异乡的山水风物,一切陌生而新奇。偷得浮生半日闲,悠游厦门,感受着浓浓的亚热带风情。"城在海上,海在城中",厦门海天一色,     

呼和浩特地区沙尘污染的环流特征分析与预报

呼和浩特地区每年发生多次大范围的沙尘天气污染,给交通运输、生态环境和人类生产生活带来诸多不利影响,尤其近年来, PM 2．5,PM 10已成为全社会关注的焦点,沙尘污染已引起社会与政府的高度关注。因此,对沙尘天气的分析与预报就显得尤为重要。本文对2002年至2011年近10年呼和浩特地区的沙尘污染下的天气环流特征进行了统计分析,并且进行了诊断分析,研究结果表明呼和浩特地区沙尘天气的气候特征是：年平均沙尘日数在27天以上,且大部分的沙尘污染源为系统性的外来沙尘,其余的为局地沙尘污染来自城市开发区域的地表裸土与建筑沙石;环流特征是：当北太平洋地区副高位势高度偏低,青藏高原至新疆500hPa高压脊异常偏强,亚洲大陆中高纬高度场较常年偏高时,呼和浩特市沙尘日数偏少。当春季太平洋海温表现为反厄尔尼诺（厄尔尼诺）典型态时,同期沙尘日数偏多（少）,反之亦然。通过对典型环流背景下沙尘暴的数值模拟和诊断分析,找出沙尘天气的预报着眼点：沙尘暴发生在不稳定的大气层结中,伴随有能量的积聚和释放,随着地面蒙古气旋及冷锋的强烈发展,中尺度切变线触发了沙尘活动。 MODIS卫星也对沙尘有一定的预报监视作用。     

中国南亚热带海岛海域沉积物重金属污染及潜在生态危害

根据中国南亚热带海岛生态特征及其地理分布,选取9个具有代表性的海岛,采用潜在生态危害指数法评价了南亚热带海岛海域沉积物中重金属(Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Cr、As、Hg)的潜在生态危害.结果表明:研究海域沉积物质量总体状况良好,但个别海域重金属含量较高,其中紫泥岛的Hg、内伶仃岛和上川岛的As均达到中度污染;紫泥岛Hg的潜在生态危害程度较高,达到中度危害;各海岛沉积物中重金属潜在生态危害指数与同期调查的大型底栖动物均匀度指数和生物量呈显著负相关关系,生态响应明显.