Optimization of phenol degradation by Candida tropicalis Z-04 using Plackett-Burman design and response surface methodology

Statistical experimental designs were used to optimize the process of phenol degradation by Candida tropicalis Z-04,isolated from phenol-degrading aerobic granules.The most important factors influencing phenol degradation (p<0.05),as identified by a two-level Plackett-Burman design with 11 variables,were yeast extract,phenol,inoculum size,and temperature.Steepest ascent method was undertaken to determine the optimal regions of these four significant factors.Central composite design (CCD) and response surfac...     

台风命名的演变

每年7—9月,是台风多发季节。由中国澳门命名的长达12天生命史的台风“梅花”,给国人留下了难忘的印象。于是,许多人想知道：为什么要给台风命名和怎样给台风命名。给台风命名是中国香港提出的我们所说的台风或飓风,实际上是一种强“热带气旋”。为什么要给热带气旋取名字？从全球情况看,无论是一次灾害造成的死亡人数,还是总的死亡人数,热带气旋都居自然灾害之首。因此,对热带气旋的预警和防御是非常重要的。为了便于区别和记忆,有必要给热带气旋取个名字。     

关心湿地,走进红树林

2008年,广州市中学生环境科学夏令营在南沙区举行。林科院热带林业所管伟博士为同学们介绍湿地保护和红树林生态系统为主题的环保知识。湿地是指天然或人工,永久或暂时的沼泽地、泥炭地或水域（包括与其毗邻的河滨、海岸,其内的岛屿及低潮水深小于6m的海域）,蓄有静止或流动的咸、淡水体。     

Long-term impacts of land-use change on dynamics of tropical soil carbon and nitrogen pools

Land-use changes, especially the conversion of native forest vegetation to cropland and plantations in tropical region, can alter soil C and N pools and N availability for plant uptake. Deforestation, followed by shifting cultivation and establishment of rubber tree plantation, is a common land-use change in Xishuangbanna, southwest China. However the influence of this kind of land-use change on soil C and N dynamics in this region remains poorly understood, This study was conducted to assess the effects of land-use change on soil C and N pools. Soil samples were collected on five adjacent plots, which belong to three land-use types including secondary forest-an acuminate banana( Musa itinerans) secondary forest and a male bamboo( Dendrocalamus membranaceae) secondary forest, shifting cultivation, and rubber tree ( Hevea brasiliensis (H. B. K. ) Muell. Arg. ) plantation(one plot is 3-year-old, and another is 7-year-old). We measured soil bulk density (BD), pH value, moisture content and concentrations of soil organic carbon(SOC), total soil nitrogen(TSN), and inorganic N(NO3^- -N and NH4^ -N) at 0--3, 3--20, 20--40 and 40--60cm depths, and calculated C and N pools in 0--20, 20--40, 40--60, and 0--60 cm soil layers. Compared with the adjacent secondary forests, shifting cultivation and establishment of rubber tree plantations resulted in significant decline in concentrations and stocks of SOC and TSN in 0--20 and 0--60cm soil layers, and increase in pH and bulk density at 0--3, 3--20, and 20--40cm depths. Soil moisture content decreased only in 0--20cm surface soils in shifting cultivation and plantations. The dynamics of mineral N was much more complex, which had different trends among depths and ecosystems. Compared with the secondary forests, SOC stocks in 0--20cm surface soils in shifting cultivation and rubber tree plantations(3-year-old plantation and 7-year-old plantation) decreased by 34.0%, 33%, and 23% ; and TSN stocks decreased by 32.2%, 20.4%, and 20.4%, respectively,whereas the decreases of SOC and TSN stocks in 0--60cm soil layers were much less. The results indicated that C and N losses were mainly occurred in 0--20cm surface soil, followed by 20--40cm layer.     

海南岛三种低海拔热带林的生物量变化规律

利用样地调查资料并结合生物量模型,分析了海南岛三种低海拔热带林生物量及其随群落特征的变化规律。结果表明：热带低地雨林总生物量（409Mg/hm²）高于热带季雨林（205Mg/hm²）和转化季雨林（176Mg/hm²）,而热带季雨林具有最高的落叶物种及最低的常绿物种生物量。总生物量在DBH≥40cm径级内热带低地雨林最高,1～10cm径级内热带季雨林最高,10～40cm径级内三种群落无显著差异。热带季雨林中落叶物种生物量在所有径级中均为最高,但常绿物种生物量除第1～10cm径级外均为最低。三种群落在下层（H＜5m）和中层（5≤H＜15m）总生物量上没有差异,但热带低地雨林在上层（H≥15m）总生物量最高。热带季雨林在上、中层中均具有最高的落叶物种生物量及最低的常绿物种生物量。     

表面活性剂对热带假丝酵母降解十六烷的影响

研究了Triton X-100、鼠李糖脂二糖脂(di-RL)和CTAB等3种表面活性剂对1株热带假丝酵母菌株Candida tropicalis降解十六烷的影响.结果表明,低浓度的Triton X-100对菌的生长及其十六烷的降解无明显影响,而高浓度的Triton X-100则抑制菌的生长及其对十六烷的降解,96h后Triton X-100浓度分别为0, 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 1.0和3.0CMC时,对应的十六烷的平均残留率分别为20.5%, 20.2%, 22.0%, 54.4%, 71.2%和68.8%.di-RL促进菌的生长及十六烷的降解,且促进作用随着di-RL浓度的增加而增大,96h后浓度为0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 1.0和3.0CMC的di-RL分别促使十六烷的平均残留率降低到17.4%, 16.6%, 9.9%, 8.8%和7.8%;di-RL在发酵过程中被降解,且添加的di-RL的浓度越大,其被降解的比例越大.CTAB完全抑制菌体的生长和十六烷的降解,表明其具有毒性作用.     

中亚热带区域几种典型生态系统土壤质量评价Ⅰ.不同生态系统对土壤性质的影响

采用定位研究方法,以中亚热带杉木中心产区中国科学院会同森林生态实验站的七种实验林作为研究对象,探讨了各生态系统对土壤物理性质、化学性质和生物学性质的影响,以及各性质之间的相互关系.结果表明,次生常绿阔叶林生态系统对改良土壤效果最佳,其次是混交林生态系统与阔叶纯林生态系统,而杉木纯林,特别是连栽杉木纯林可能导致土壤肥力退化;大多数土壤物理、化学和生物学性状彼此之间都存在着密切的相关性;土壤中总有机C、阳离子交换量和微生物生物量C几乎与所有测定的土壤酶活性和理化性质之间也都存在显著的相关性.     

影响红沿河核电厂区热带气旋特征及最大强度估算

红沿河核电厂区位于我国北方海域的辽东湾东海岸,经常受到北上热带气旋的侵袭和影响。观测和统计表明,在辽宁登陆的热带气旋,强度能够达到台风,不容忽略。影响红沿河的热带气旋基本出现在7、8月份,以进入渤海后向西北移动和穿越山东半岛向北在辽东半岛登陆的两类热带气旋对红沿河区域影响最大,建国56年来最强的热带气旋在红沿河附近区域造成的最大风速达到25～33m/s,极大风速达40m/s以上。使用概率论方法和梯度风公式估算红沿河核电厂区可能最大热带气旋的强度参数,得到:百年一遇的可能最低气压估值为961 hPa,最大风速为35.4m/s,极大风速为46.0m/s;千年一遇的可能最低气压估值为939 hPa,最大风速为42.2m/s,极大风速为54.9m/s。     

近20年登陆湛江市的热带气旋致灾力和危险度分析

湛江市热带气旋灾害频发且损失严重,以2000—2019年登陆的热带气旋资料为基础,以热带气旋中心最低气压、近中心最大风速和过程最大日降雨量为因子,构建单个热带气旋致灾力评价模型,并通过热带气旋登陆次数、大风影响次数、暴雨影响次数等评价区域热带气旋灾害危险度,以此分析湛江市热带气旋灾害特征.结果表明:登陆湛江市的热带气旋...