网湖沉积物正构烷烃分布特征及其记录的环境变化

通过对网湖沉积岩芯中正构烷烃含量和组成特征的分析,探讨了网湖近百年来的湖泊环境变化.结果表明,网湖沉积岩芯中正构烷烃的碳数范围在n-C14~n-C33之间,其中以高碳数组分为主,并具有明显的奇偶优势,反映了沉积物有机质以大型水生植物和陆生植物贡献为主,较低的2n-C31/(n-C27+n-C29)比值指示陆源输入中以木本植物输入为主.根据正构烷烃参数指示的沉积物有机质来源变化特征,近百年来网湖水体环境变化具有如下3个阶段:20世纪50年代以前,网湖与长江水体交换频繁,湖泊水体处于低营养环境状态,沉积物正构烷烃高/低分子量正构烷烃比值(H/L)和陆/水生类脂物比值(TAR)较高,沉积物有机质主要来源于陆生植物和大型水生植物,湖泊浮游藻类贡献少;20世纪50~80年代,H/L和TAR值明显下降,中、短链正构烷烃的比例略有升高,表明陆源植被对沉积物有机质的贡献降低,水生植物和浮游藻类贡献的有机质增加,但较低的2n-C17/(n-C23+n-C25)值表明浮游藻类有机质较低,此时湖泊水体较为稳定,湖泊受长江水位影响减小,湖泊营养水平有所升高;1980s以来,总体上湖泊受流域人类活动影响明显,湖泊水体营养水平升高,沉积物正构烷烃表现为H/L和TAR值升高后下降,正构烷烃总量和2n-C17/(n-C23+n-C25)比值显著升高,2000年后尤其明显,表明湖泊沉积物有机质输入增加,其中湖泊浮游藻类贡献明显增加.     

金在热液中的地球化学性质实验研究

通过近百次实验研究表明，金在水热条件下的地球化学行为具有以下几个特点：金在氧化条件下溶解，还原条件下沉淀；金在高温下溶解，低温下沉淀；金在碱性或酸性溶液中溶解，在中性溶液中沉淀；金在低压下溶解，在高压下沉淀；随着fs八的增加，金的溶解度随之增加；金可以[An（HS）4]、[Au（HS）2]-、[Au（Cl4）]、[Au（Cl2）]-等络合物形式存在于热液中；在热液中金普遍以An3＋的络合物形式存在，Aul＋的络合物形式次之，随着温度的升高，热液中Au1＋的含量明显增加。     

新疆北部浅成低温热液型金矿床成矿地球化学特征初探

产于晚古生代火山岩中的浅成低温热液型金矿床是新疆北部近期发现的一个重要的金成矿类型。通过对本区部分浅成低温热液型金矿的容矿火山岩岩石化学成分、REE分布模式、硫同位素、氢同位素、氧同位素和锶同位素及流体包裹体成分的分析与对比．讨论了其基本成矿地球化学特征,并揭示了本区浅成低温热液型金矿床与我国东部地区某些产于中生代陆相火山岩中的同类型金矿床在成矿地球化学特征上存在的一些差异。     

热液石油与金属成矿流体的形成

本文介绍了热液石油形成的温度、运移方式几个方面的特征。通过实例证实了热液石油与成矿流体具有共生关系。在热液石油的形成过程中，有机酸、烃类、NSO极性化合物等组分直接参与了成矿物质的活化、迁移作用，而有机质在演化过程中的体积膨胀作用则为成矿物质的带出提供了通道。     

Research progress on hydrothermal dissolution and hydrolysis of lignocellulose and lignocellulosic waste

Ethanol production from lignocellulosic waste has attracted considerable attention because of its feasi- bility and the generation of valuable products. Previous studies have shown that pretreatment and hydrolysis are key processes for lignocellulose conversion. Hydrothermal process is a promising technique because of its efficiency to break down the lignocellulosic structures and produce fermentable hexoses. Most studies in this field have therefore focused on understanding these processes or optimizing the parameters, but commonly reported low yields of fermentable hexoses. The inability to produce high yields of fermentable hexoses is mainly attributed to inadequate information on the conversion mechanisms of lignocellulose, particularly the reaction rules of dissolu- tion, which is a limiting step in the entire conversion process. This paper critically reviewed the progress done in the research and development of the hydrothermal dissolution and hydrolysis of lignocellulose. Principles, processes, and related studies on separate dissolution and asynchronous hydrolysis of lignin, hemieellulose, and cellulose are presented. Potential research prospects are also suggested.     

Impact of hydrothermal process on the nutrient ingredients of restaurant garbage

In order to recover the nutrient resource from restaurant garbage, a complete trial with 2 factors on 5 levels of experiments was carried out. The temperature and heating time are the main factors influencing on hydrothermal process （HP） by which improves the degradability and digestibility of the restaurant garbage favorably to make animal feeds or fertilizer. The results showed the variation of protein, saccharide, and oil in the garbage. It showed that protein dissolved and liquefied during hydrothermal process, which made organic nitrogen in solid phase transfer to liquid phase. After heating at 180℃ for 60min, organic nitrogen in liquid phase began to transform into ammonia. It also showed that hydrothermal process could promote the dextrinization, dissolution of the starch and its hydrolysis to reducing sugar, due to that starch in the restaurant garbage decreases and reducing sugar increases. When the temperature reached 140℃, the reducing sugar started to decrease due to chemical reactions. The cellulose was stable at 100-180℃. The floatable oil increased markedly in the hydrothermal process. The suitable condition for de-oil was observed at 160℃ heating for 80 min. Furthermore, the extraction of grease from the solid phase accords with first-order reaction dynamic model.     

海相沉积岩铁同位素体系及其古环境指示

铁(Fe)作为主要造岩元素及生命必需元素,广泛参与地球表层圈层所涉及的物理、化学和生物作用,在调节海洋初级生产力和驱动海洋生物地球化学循环过程扮演重要角色.Fe同位素作为较早开发的非传统稳定同位素体系,目前已成为示踪生物地球化学循环过程及古海洋环境演变的有效手段.本文在对全球海洋Fe循环和表生地质过程Fe同位素分馏机理...     

近百年来新疆博斯腾湖多环芳烃的组成及变化特征

本研究分析了新疆博斯腾湖沉积岩芯中16种多环芳烃(PAHs)的垂直分布情况,并对其来源和生态风险进行了初步评估.结果表明,沉积岩芯中总PAHs的变化范围为37.5~184.5 ng·g-1,其中主要成分为萘和菲.近百年来,在20世纪50年代前后,沉积物中PAHs以及各主要组份出现明显变化.20世纪50年代以前,总PAHs和各组分变化相对稳定,并以低分子量PAHs组成为主.20世纪50年代后,高分子量PAHs开始出现并呈现波动上升,尤其是20世纪90年代以来,总PAHs及各组分都出现明显增加,至表层达到峰值,表明湖泊流域除了受人类低温燃烧排放影响外,近年来受工业和机动车尾气等高温燃烧释放的PAHs影响也明显增加.但通过风险评估表明,博斯腾湖中PAHs不会造成生态风险.     

吉林五凤─五星山低硫型浅成热液金矿床地质特征与成矿条件

五凤—五星山金矿床属中生代陆相火山岩低流型浅成热液型金矿床。侏罗系上统金沟岭组火山岩为其主要矿源层，矿体受火山机构的断裂、裂隙和次火山岩脉内外接触带控制。碱长花岗岩侵入金沟岭组底部，为金矿形成提供了热源。成矿作用主要在低压、中性介质和弱氧化、超浅成条件下进行。金矿一般富集于矿体上部；矿体转弯、膨大处及分支复合处；强冰长石绢云母硅化蚀变岩中；含细粒黄铁矿的方解石石英脉；辉银矿集中地段。     

土林潜入梦

"木"是象形字,就是上面有枝叉下面有根系的植物,双木便衍成了林;林,顾名思义,字面上的意思是树木成片聚集在一起,扩而广之,均为垂立于地面、向上延长的一群物体。土林便是土质的林莽,林相单纯,除去土的形色之外,很有点葱葱郁郁森林的味道,有序复制,洋洋洒洒四下里铺开了去。