2008年中国环境状况发布

2008年,在党中央、国务院的坚强领导下,全国环保系统成功夺取了特大自然灾害环境应急工作的重大胜利,圆满完成了北京奥运环境质量保障任务,在污染减排、环境基础设施建设、重点流域污染防治、环保基础能力提升、环境经济政策、三大基础性战略性工程等方面都取得了积极成效,环境保护历史性转变迈出了坚实的步伐。     

武安市：针对信访高发期制定新举措

一是抓好源头管理,坚决禁止在饮用水源保护区内新建、扩建与供水设施和保护水源无关的建设项目;二是强化饮用水源保护区的监管,定期、不定期组织巡查,严禁在饮用水源保护区内从事养殖和其他可能污染饮用水源的活动;三是加大重点污染源监管,切实防止污染企业偷排污染物,     

Electrochemical incineration of dimethyl phthalate by anodic oxidation with boron-doped diamond electrode

The anodic oxidation of aqueous solutions containing dimethyl phthalate (DMP) up to 125 mg/L with sodium sulfate (Na2SO4) as supporting electrolyte within the pH range 2.0–10.0 was studied using a one-compartment batch reactor employing a boron-doped diamond (BDD) as anode. Electrolyses were carried out at constant current density (1.5–4.5 mA/cm2). Complete mineralization was always achieved owing to the great concentration of hydroxyl radical (.OH) generated at the BDD surface. The e ects of pH, apparent current density and initial DMP concentration on the degradation rate of DMP, the specific charge required for its total mineralization and mineralization current e ciency were investigated systematically. The mineralization rate of DMP was found to be pH-independent and to increase with increasing applied current density. Results indicated that this electrochemical process was subjected, at least partially, to the mass transfer of organics onto the BDD surface. Kinetic analysis of the temporal change of DMP concentration during electrolysis determined by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) revealed that DMP decay under all tested conditions followed a pseudo first-order reaction. Aromatic intermediates and generated carboxylic acids were identified by Gas Chromatography- Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) and a general pathway for the electrochemical incineration of DMP on BDD was proposed.     

城市污水污泥焚烧处理环境影响分析

以城市污水污泥为研究对象,应用生命周期评价方法分别对干化焚烧、污泥与煤混燃发电、污泥与生活垃圾掺烧发电3种焚烧处理方式的生命过程进行清单分析,以获得各处理方式的能耗及其对环境的影响.结果表明,处理1.0 t湿污泥,填埋处理的能耗和总环境负荷均最低,分别为2.24kg （以标准煤计）和46.55×10-3标准人当量(PET).污泥直接干化处理能源消耗最大,达到了111.12 kg（以标准煤计）.污泥与垃圾或者与煤掺烧发电由于利用固体废弃物化学内能,降低了化石燃料消耗.这两种掺烧处理方式的环境排放都以酸化和富营养化为主,对局地性的影响占据首位,因此,污泥焚烧处理仍需加强尾气净化设备的投入,以减少酸性气体及二噁英的排放.     

开启式负荷开关与保险丝的正确使用

为防止电器设备短路或因负载增加而使线路电流增大,损坏电气设备,必须在电路的适当位置安装保护性电气设施.开启式负荷开关就是一种常见的保护装置,在盐业系统使用尤为广泛.因此正确地选择使用开启式负荷开关与保险丝,是确保电气设备安全使用的关键.     

严谨执法化解环境执法风险

案例类型经过行政复议、行政诉讼的行政处罚案件案例结果维持原行政处罚决定案例启示1.符合听证条件的,必须告知当事人听证申请权2.要依据的法律、法规准确,执法程序严谨基本案情和审理过程郑州红花寺新型建材有限公司位于郑州市二七区候寨乡红花寺村,2008年6月建厂,2008年9月投入试生产,主要产品是加气混凝土砌块,主要生产     

铅蓄电池生产企业现场环境监管要点解析

铅是一种可在人体和动物组织中积蓄的有毒重金属,损伤大脑中枢及周围神经系统、破坏造血系统、影响消化系统功能和免疫系统功能,其中儿童对铅的不良影响特别敏感,据研究表明,儿童血铅每上升100微克/升,智商平均降低6～8分。近年来,随着媒体对血铅超标事件高频次、大规模的报道,社会各界对铅污染问题尤其是铅蓄电池生产企业的环境污染问题更加关注。据统     

火电厂SO_2污染治理设施运行率的确定方法研究

从分析我国火电行业脱硫现状入手,指出如何确定火电企业脱硫设施的运行率已成为二氧化硫总量核查的重点,但尚有较大的难度。主要为二氧化硫核查提供一种简捷、合理的测算脱硫设施运行率的方法。     

Treatment of taste and odor causing compounds 2-methyl isoborneol and geosmin in drinking water: A critical review

Problems due to the taste and odor in drinking water are common in treatment facilities around the world. Taste and odor are perceived by the public as the primary indicators of the safely and acceptability of drinking water and are mainly caused by the presence of two semi-volatile compounds – 2-methyl isoborneol (MIB) and geosmin. A review of these two taste and odor causing compounds in drinking water is presented. The sources for the formation of these compounds in water are discussed alongwith the health and regulatory implications. The recent developments in the analysis of MIB/geosmin in water which have allowed for rapid measurements in the nanogram per liter concentrations are also discussed. This review focuses on the relevant treatment alternatives, that are described in detail with emphasis on their respective advantages and problems associated with their implementation in a fullscale facility. Conventional treatment processes in water treatment plants, such as coagulation, sedimentation and chlorination have been found to be ine ective for removal of MIB/geosmin. Studies have shown powdered activated carbon, ozonation and biofiltration to be e ective in treatment of these two compounds. Although some of these technologies are more e ective and show more promise than the others, much work remains to be done to optimize these technologies so that they can be retrofitted or installed with minimal impact on the overall operation and e ectiveness of the treatment system.     

Removal of airborne microorganisms emitted from a wastewater treatment oxidation ditch by adsorption on activated carbon

Bioaerosol emissions from wastewater and wastewater treatment processes are a significant subgroup of atmospheric aerosols. Most previous work has focused on the evaluation of their biological risks. In this study, however, the adsorption method was applied to reduce airborne microorganisms generated from a pilot scale wastewater treatment facility with oxidation ditch. Results showed adsorption on granule activated carbon (GAC) was an e cient method for the purification of airborne microorganisms. The GAC itself had a maximum adsorption capacity of 2217 CFU/g for airborne bacteria and 225 CFU/g for fungi with a flow rate of 1.50 m3/hr. Over 85% of airborne bacteria and fungi emitted from the oxidation ditch were adsorbed within 80 hr of continuous operation mode. Most of them had a particle size of 0.65–4.7 m. Those airborne microorganisms with small particle size were apt to be adsorbed. The SEM/EDAX, BET and Boehm’s titration methods were applied to analyse the physicochemical characteristics of the GAC. Relationships between GAC surface characteristics and its adsorption performance demonstrated that porous structure, large surface area, and hydrophobicity rendered GAC an e ective absorber of airborne microorganisms. Two regenerate methods, ultraviolet irradiation and high pressure vapor, were compared for the regeneration of used activated carbon. High pressure vapor was an e ective technique as it totally destroyed the microorganisms adhered to the activated carbon. Microscopic observation was also carried out to investigate original and used adsorbents.