我国煤炭环境问题及对策

煤炭作为我国主要能源,占一次能源构成70％左右的局面,在今后20至30年内不会根本改变。目前,我国约75％的工业燃料和动力,85％的化工原料和绝大多数的民用燃料依靠煤炭。近年来,随着我国经济较快速的增长,煤炭生产量和消费量迅速增加,煤炭生产量、消费量增长满足了经济发展的需要,同时对环境产生了较大影响,解决好煤炭生产、利用与环境的关系,已经成为社会是否能够可持续发展的大事。     

烟道气中SO2监测仪器的比较与选择

企业的工业炉窑、采暖锅炉和生活锅炉，是造成城巾大气污染的主要来源之一。为了改善城市的大气污染状况，减少烟尘中SQ的排放，各级政府及环境保护管理部门要不断加大监管力度，控制并治理SQ的污染。为使我省即将推行的SQ收费制度得到实施，控制和解决S、污染，选择较理想的烟道气S又监测仪器是非常必要的。实施对S（进行治理和收费，必须弄清楚So的排放量。经典的方法是采用碘量法测试烟道气中的虹飞．由于该方法耗时费力，工作效率低，不能及时有效地对污染源进行监测，因此，选择一种快速、准确、高效的烟尘a飞测试仪器，就成为十分…     

人类面临的挑战——地球大气臭氧不断在减少

<正> 臭氧,是氧的同素异形体,是由三个氧原子结合而成的一种氧分子,无色,有特殊臭味,溶于水.地球上的臭氧有两层.在靠近地面上的空气里含有少量的臭氧,它是由于工业污染造成的,对人体有害.在距离地球表面30—60公里的大气同温层的底层,由于太阳的辐射产生了大量的臭氧,形成了一层数公里厚的臭氧层.这层高空臭氧层能够阻挡太阳光线中过多的紫外线对地面的辐射.我们平时所说的“臭氧层”就是指这一层.如果地球外围没有这一层臭氧的保护,大量的紫外线辐射就会到达地面,造成气候剧烈的变化、损害农作物和其它生物的生长、破     

燃煤固硫剂固硫效率测定方法的探讨

推广固硫剂型煤是我国防治大气污染的一项基本政策，根据硫平衡原理建立了固硫效率的测试方法与计算公式，为研究或评价固硫剂的固硫效率提供一种较好的方法。     

Influence of new town development on the urban heat island - The case of the Bundang area

Five new towns have been developed around the Seoul metropolitan area since 1996. However, these new towns generate lots of traffic and related problems in the areas including those new towns and Seoul as a result of increases in population and a lack of ecological-self-sufficiency. Currently, construction of another new town is under deliberation, and what should be a major consider is the notion that the new town be located within a wide, green zone. Many studies have revealed that green space can play an important role in improving urban eco-meteorological capability and air quality. In order to analyze the urban heat island which will be created by the new urban development, and to investigate the local thermal environment and its negative effects caused by a change of land use type and urbanization, Landsat TM images were used for extraction of urban surface temperature according to changes of land use over the last 15 years. These data are analyzed together with digital land use and topographic information. As a study result, it was found the urban heat island of the study area from 198.5 to 1999 rapidly developed which showed a difference of mean temperature above 2.0. Before the Bundang new town construction the temperature of the residential area was the same as a forest, but during the new town construction in 1991 analysis revealed the creation of an urban heat island. The temperature of a forest whose size is over 50% of the investigation area was lowest, and thus the presence of a forest is believed to have a direct cooling effect on the urban environment and its surroundings. The mean temperature of the residential and commercial areas in the study was found to be 4.5 higher than the forest, and therefore this part of land use is believed to be the main factor causing the temperature increase of the urban heat island.     

燃煤引起的氟污染

氟是煤中的有害元素，煤燃烧时，煤中氟被释放出来，本文叙述了煤在燃烧过程中，氟化物形态的转化、释放氟的规律，氟在大气环境中的迁移，扩散机理，为氟污染的评价和防治提供科学依据。     

坚持可持续发展战略实现煤炭生产与环境保护协调发展

自1996年全国煤炭环保会议后,各矿务局(煤矿)遵照王显政副部长“坚持基本国策,加强环境治理,实现煤炭工业与环境保护的协调发展”的报告精神,认真贯彻落实《煤炭工业“九五”环境保护计划(1996-2000年)》,结合本单位实际,制订了“矿区环境保护发展规划”,使矿区环境面貌有了新的改善,第三产业蓬勃发展,大大促进了两个文明建设。 但是,我们还应该看到,由于历史的原因,矿区环境污染还比较严重,一些老污染源未得到根本治理,新的污染源还在产生,要在2000年污染物排放总量控制在1995年的水平,真正实现煤炭部“九五”环保目标,任务十分艰巨。目前矿区主要存在的环境问题,仍是采煤塌陷、矿井水外排、锅炉烟气、煤矸石堆积与自燃、噪声危害等。 本刊根据煤炭部环保办的意见,开辟局长谈环保专栏,请各矿务局局长从煤炭工业可持续发展的角度,结合本局实际,谈世纪之交煤炭工业与环境保护的协调发展。本刊将从本期起陆续刊登局长谈环保文章,以促进我国煤炭环保事业的发展。