Seasonal and diurnal variations of atmospheric peroxyacetyl nitrate, peroxypropionyl nitrate, and carbon tetrachloride in Beijing

Atmospheric peroxyacetyl nitrate(PAN), peroxypropionyl nitrate(PPN), and carbon tetrachloride(CCl4) were measured from September 2010 to August 2011 in Beijing. PAN exhibited low values from mid-autumn to early spring(October to March) with monthly average concentrations ranging from 0.28 to 0.73 ppbV, and increased from early spring to summer(March to August), ranging from 1.37–3.79 ppbV. The monthly variation of PPN was similar to PAN, with low values(below detection limit to 0.18 ppbV) from mid-autumn to early spring, and a monthly maximum in September(1.14 ppbV). The monthly variation of CCl4was tightly related to the variation of temperature, exhibiting a minimum in winter(69.3 pptV) and a maximum of 180.6 pptV in summer. Due to weak solar intensity and short duration, PAN and O3showed no distinct diurnal patterns from morning to night during winter, whereas for other seasons, they both exhibited maximal values in the late afternoon(ca. 15:00 to 16:00 local time) and minimal values during early morning and midnight. Good linear correlations between PAN and PPN were found in autumn(R = 0.91), spring(R = 0.94), and summer(R = 0.81), with slopes of 0.130, 0.222, and 0.133, respectively, suggesting that anthropogenic hydrocarbons dominated the photochemical formation of PANs in Beijing. Positive correlation between PAN and O3 in summer with the low slopes( O3 / PAN) ranging from 9.92 to 18.0 indicated serious air pollution in Beijing, and strong negative correlation in winter reflected strong O3consumption by NO titration and less thermal decompositin of PAN.     

Acute and chronic toxic effects of Pb2+ on polychaete Perinereis aibuhitensis：Morphological changes and responses of the antioxidant system

Perinereis aibuhitensis was used to assess adverse biological effects caused by acute and chronic Pb2＋exposure in artificial seawater under controlled laboratory conditions. In 96-hr acute toxicity experiments,the morphological changes showed a positive time/dose-dependent tendency,and the 96-hr LC50 value of Pb2＋was 686.41 mg/L. The responses of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants in tissues including catalase（CAT）,peroxidase（POD）,superoxide dismutase（SOD）,glutathione peroxidase（GSH-PX）,malondialdehyde（MDA） and the content of total soluble protein（TSP）,were investigated on days 1,4,7 and 10 after Pb2＋exposure under chronic toxicity testing. Results showed that the activation of the antioxidant system in P. aibuhitensis depended on the Pb2＋concentration and the duration of exposure time.Specifically,POD and SOD activities were induced on the first day of the exposure and decreased to the control level on day 10 after exposure. Therefore,these two indexes could be used to indicate oxidative stress associated with P. aibuhitensis exposure to Pb2＋.     

国外河口城市气候变化适应策略及对中国的启示

<正>河口地区是遭受气候变化影响最为严重的区域之一。密集的人口、繁荣的经济使得河口城市根据当地的气候变化威胁制定相应的适应策略变得尤为重要和紧迫。英国伦敦、美国纽约和新奥尔良、日本东京、加拿大温哥华等国际重要河口城市已经制定了详尽的适应气候变化策略,其中有很多有益的经验值得我国的河口城市学     

利用淀粉/PCL共混物作为反硝化固体碳源和生物膜载体的研究

以双螺杆挤出机制备了淀粉聚己内酯(PCL,polycaprolactone)共混物(SPCL5),研究了其浸出性能及吸水性能,并在序批试验中研究了其作为反硝化固体碳源和生物膜载体的特性。结果表明,SPCL5颗粒前3 d浸出的有机物浓度较高,随后逐渐降至1.31 mgL。SPCL5颗粒吸水率在1 d左右达到饱和,约为30.97%。SPCL5可作为固体碳源用于去除低碳氮比(CN)水中的硝酸盐。以活性污泥接种时,SPCL5颗粒在1 d后就有显著的脱氮效果。驯化结束后,SPCL5颗粒的平均反硝化速率(以N计)为0.020 8 mg(g·h)。剪切力是影响反硝化速率的重要因素,转速从70 rmin提高至140 rmin时,平均反硝化速率提升近1倍,达到0.040 3 mg(g·h)。进水NO3-N浓度为15~50 mgL时对反硝化速率无显著影响,反硝化为零级反应。红外光谱结果表明利用后的共混物中淀粉和PCL均发生了降解。     

1987-2006年厦门市土地利用变化检测分析

通过对厦门市五个时相的土地利用变化检测,分析了厦门市1987年-2006年间各分区的土地利用变化及各地类在各年间的变化情况,并分析其变化原因.     

《环境科技》征订启事

正中国科技论文统计源期刊(中国科技核心期刊)国内统一刊号:CN32-1786/X国际标准刊号:ISSN 1674-4829《环境科技》于1988年创刊,是集学术性与实用性于一体的环境科学技术类期刊,是"中国科技论文统计源期刊"(中国科技核心期刊);"中国学术期刊综合评价数据库"统计源期刊;"中国学术期刊(光盘版)"全文收录期刊;"中文科技期刊数据库"全文收录期刊;"万方数据一数字化期刊群"入网期刊。《环境科技》以直接为环境污染防治实践服务为宗旨,重点报道环境科学最新实用技术、科研成果、治理开发及国内外最新信息与动态,内容涉及水、气、声、固等污染处理技术及清洁生产、生态保护等实用技术的推广应用。     

内分泌干扰物生物检测研究进展

介绍了发光细菌法、重组基因酵母法、免疫分析法、细胞增殖法、受体结合活性法、卵黄蛋白法、酵母双杂交法等几种环境中内分泌干扰物的生物检测技术及研究进展,并提出了展望。     

农村沼气在北方农业源减排中的应用浅析

农村沼气作为一种特殊的清洁能源,在沈阳市农村节能减排、应对气候变化和发展低碳经济、促进新农村建设方面发挥了巨大的作用。本文通过对沼气工程在北方地区应用的阐述,力图推动北方农村沼气在农业源减排工作中的应用。     

镇江市冬季PM_(2.5)的来源解析

采集了镇江环境监测站1月份的PM2.5样品,用SPAMS 0515对PM2.5来源进行解析,结果显示,对镇江市区冬季环境空气有明显贡献的颗粒物来源是汽车尾气、燃煤、工业排放和扬尘,4者的贡献率分别为汽车尾气占22.5%、燃煤占16.3%、工业源占13.6%、扬尘占11.8%。镇江市区冬季PM2.5颗粒中,汽车尾气、燃煤分布在小粒径段,扬尘分布在大粒径段。日间汽车尾气和扬尘对PM2.5增高的影响增大,早高峰、晚高峰汽车尾气贡献增长。PM2.5中含的Mn、Fe、Cr、Zn、Pb 5种金属元素颗粒中含Pb颗粒数量最大。     

云南省农业面源污染及防治对策

云南省主要农业环境污染问题包括:化肥使用量不断增加;地膜使用量及其覆盖面积不断增加;农药使用量不断增加;畜禽粪便污染日益加重。分析了问题产生的原因,提出了防治农业污染的建议。