面向密闭空间内外温度的时序预测模型

目的 研究密闭空间条件下已知外部温度时间序列对内部实时温度的预测推理问题。方法 选取密闭空间内外温度时序预测典型场景,抽象为多变量时间序列预测问题,分析变量间的关联性和依赖性。借鉴特征融合、注意力机制、多任务模型等思路,结合物理机制与数据特征,基于长短期记忆网络基本网络单元,构建密闭空间内外温度时序预测模型,并在万宁、敦煌、漠河对某型密闭空间进行数据采样,基于三地数据集进行不同模型试验。结果 多变量模型比单变量模型具有更好性能,注意力机制对该场景没有显著性能提升,结合物理机制的模型结构设计充分考虑了变量之间的关联性和依赖性,能显著提升预测精度,双输入双输出的多变量时序预测模型具有相对最高的精度和最稳定的鲁棒性,是面向密闭空间内外温度时序预测的相对最优模型。结论 研究结论可指导密闭空间其他环境特征建模,研究思路可为其他多变量时序建模问题中变量之间的关联性、依赖性分析提供参考。     

两级旋风分离器内气固两相流动及分离特性

为了提高30μm以下小密度颗粒的分离效率,采用k-ε/RNG模型和DPM模型对改造后的两级旋风分离器内含尘气流的流动及分离特性进行了三维数值分析.将气体相作为连续介质,采用k-ε湍流模型对流场进行数值模拟;将颗粒相作为离散体系,采用随机轨道模型对颗粒的运动轨迹进行追踪,并分析其阻力与分离效率.结果表明,与常规分离器不同,气流进入两级分离器内筒后出现上、下分流.在外筒近壁柱体和锥体区均有涡流,中心轴线上无滞流、倒流现象.同一高度轴向速度呈非轴对称分布,切向速度基本呈轴对称分布.不同高度截面轴向速度分布差异较大,切向速度分布规律较一致.研究表明,随粒径增大,颗粒逃逸率减小,分离效率增大,但捕捉率则先增后减.粒径为5 μm时分离效率达60%,比常规分离器分离效率有较大提高.运动路径、分离时间的增加以及内外筒切向速度的差异是使分离效率提高的主要因素.     

异形电极调控的体声波谐振器力–电多场耦合仿真与优化

目的 抑制压电薄膜体声波谐振器(FBAR)寄生振动模态干扰,提出一种异形电极调控的谐振器新结构,并进行力–电多物理场耦合有限元建模分析与参数优化。方法 基于压电薄膜体声波谐振器的力–电耦合方程,运用有限元方法进行参数影响仿真分析,获得不同电极结构形状与敏感几何参数对应的谐振器阻抗特性及寄生振动模态干扰的影响规律,并对提出的异形电极调控谐振器几何参数进行优化。结果 新型电极结构使得薄膜体声波谐振器的导纳特性曲线更加平滑,相位波纹减少,无明显寄生谐振峰。参数优化所得框状电极宽度为6 μm、厚度为0.1 μm,谐振频率为1.727 GHz。结论 通过异形电极结构形状设计,可以实现对谐振器寄生振动模态的有效抑制,提升谐振器的性能。     

预处理破稳污泥木质纤维素并厌氧降解实验研究

剩余污泥中往往含有大量木质纤维素物质,其在厌氧消化过程中难以降解,最终残留于熟污泥中,这也是导致污泥有机物稳定并转化能源效率低下的主要原因之一.针对污泥中木质纤维素的结构稳定性,本实验选择酸、碱、热解及超声波4种预处理方式,采用适宜的条件预处理剩余污泥,在一定程度上破坏污泥中木质纤维素结构,继而进行污泥厌氧消化,获得了较好的木质纤维素降解率.同时,实验筛选出热解为最佳的预处理技术方式.在T=150℃与t=30 min预处理工况下,污泥在厌氧消化后最高可实现52.6%的木质纤维素降解率,主要归功于半纤维素和纤维素的大幅降解.相对未预处理污泥,预处理能有效促进木质纤维素类物质的厌氧消化,从而提高污泥有机质的能源转化率.     

Performance and role of N-acyl-homoserine lactone (AHL)-based quorum sensing (QS) in aerobic granules

The present study investigated the relationship between N-acyl-homoserine lactone（AHL）-based quorum sensing（QS） and the physico-chemical properties of aerobic granules.Stable mature granules were observed in SBR2 and SBR3 with average diameters of 0.96,and1.49 mm,respectively. The sludge densities of aerobic granules in SBR2 and SBR3 were1.0246,and 1.0201 g/mL,respectively,which were higher than that of flocculent sludge in SBR1（1.0065 g/mL）. The results showed that the activity of AHL-based QS in SBR2 and SBR3 amounted to 2.4- and 2.1-fold induction,however,that in SBR1 with flocculent sludge was1.6-fold induction. In addition,the results also showed that the activity of AHL-based QS in the three reactors rose in the feast condition,and then dropped with the consumption of substrate. However,the activity of AHL-based QS in these three reactors recovered again in prolonged starvation. Furthermore,the results showed that the enhancement of AHL-based QS favored the extracellular polymeric substance production of microorganisms in activated sludge. Thus,it could be concluded that aerobic granules showed higher AHL-based QS than flocculent sludge,which resulted from the higher sludge density of aerobic granules than flocculent sludge. AHL-based QS was related to the metabolism energy in the feast condition; however,in prolonged starvation,microorganisms would emit more AHL-like molecules to protect themselves to resist starvation. Moreover,the enhancement of AHL-based QS favored the EPS component productivity of the microorganisms in activated sludge,which contributed to maintain the aerobic granular structure.     

Influence of moderate pre-oxidation treatment on the physical, chemical and phosphate adsorption properties of iron-containing activated carbon

A novel adsorbent based on iron oxide dispersed over activated carbon(AC) were prepared, and used for phosphate removal from aqueous solutions. The influence of pre-oxidation treatment on the physical, chemical and phosphate adsorption properties of iron-containing AC were determined. Two series of ACs, non-oxidized and oxidized carbon modified by iron(denoted as AC-Fe and AC/OFe), resulted in a maximum impregnated iron of 4.03% and 7.56%, respectively. AC/O-Fe showed 34.0%–46.6% higher phosphate removal efficiency than the AC-Fe did. This was first attributed to the moderate pre-oxidation of raw AC by nitric acid, achieved by dosing Fe(II) after a pre-oxidation, to obtain higher iron loading, which is favorable for phosphate adsorption. Additionally, the in-situ formed active site on the surface of carbon, which was derived from the oxidation of Fe(II) by nitric acid dominated the remarkably high efficiency with respect to the removal of phosphate. The activation energy for adsorption was calculated to be 10.53 and 18.88 kJ/mol for AC-Fe and AC/OFe, respectively. The results showed that the surface mass transfer and intra-particle diffusion were simultaneously occurring during the process and contribute to the adsorption mechanism.     

科技期刊常用量的符号、名称及释义

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页岩气勘探中的地球物理方法综述及展望

地球物理方法是页岩气勘探中最有效、最准确的预测方法之一。在调研国内外利用地球物理方法勘探页岩气研究成果的基础上,分析总结了页岩气勘探中最有效的地震和测井法对页岩气的响应特征,讨论了常规油气勘探中已获得成功的电磁法、重磁勘探以及综合地球物理方法在页岩气勘探中的应用;对我国页岩气勘探技术的发展进行了展望,为我国页岩气勘探与开发提供参考。     

重庆市城市生活垃圾成分及物理特性分析研究

通过对重庆市城市生活垃圾成分、含水率、容重和热值的分析,得出了生活垃圾成分及物理指标的均值区间,结果显示生活垃圾中可回收组分和易燃烧组分比例较高。对生活垃圾成分、含水率、容重、热值之间的相关性以及区域影响因素进行了分析,分析结果表明,生活垃圾成分中不同组分的含量与生活垃圾的物理指标有一定的相关性;生活垃圾含水率、容重、砖瓦陶瓷类含量不同地区之间差异性显著,表明区域因素对生活垃圾成分、含水率、容重有显著影响。     

中国废旧家电处理技术的现状与对策研究

家用电器的更新换代使得废旧家电的资源化利用问题日益突出,不合理处置和回收会给环境造成极大污染。因此,广泛开展废旧电器回收利用方面的研究,使这些宝贵的二次资源得到科学合理的资源化和无害化处置,对保证人类所需生产和生活资源的永续利用,促进人类的可持续发展具有十分重要的意义。介绍了中国废旧家电年废弃量及回收利用价值,总结了处理废旧家电的基本技术特点及中国处置技术方面存在的问题。在此基础上,对中国废旧家电回收处理工艺提出建议和对策。