巴德兰兹大角羊

二十世纪以来,数以百计的动物从地球上永远地消失了!它们曾经无忧无虑地生活在这孕育出无数生命的星球上,维系着自然界生与死的平衡。有一天,它们中自命为智慧的一族制造出了武器,杀戮开始了,灭绝开始了……今天的捕杀已不再是为了生存,更不知何时能够停止,直到地球上只剩下他们自己的时候,不知他们的枪口还能对准谁?……自然界的惩罚,人类可以抵御吗?!     

三江源区生态系统状况变化及其成因

三江源区是黄河、长江和澜沧江的发源地.为研究三江源区生态系统状况变化及其可能成因,利用InVEST（Integrate Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs）、CASA（Carnegie-Ames-Stanford Approach）、RUSLE（Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation）和RWSQ（Revised Wind Erosion Equation）模型模拟,结合实地观测数据,系统全面地评估2000年以来三江源区生态系统构成、质量和服务功能变化,并揭示其成因.结果表明:① 2000—2010年三江源区生态系统结构基本稳定.草地退化状况轻微好转,产草量和生产力微弱增加.植被生长季水热条件的改善是促使产草量增加和草地退化态势趋缓的重要原因,同时生态工程的实施也发挥了积极作用.② 2005—2010年局部重点生态工程区的水土流失状况轻微好转,但区域整体好转趋势不明显.土壤中w（有机质）明显增加,但对于土壤保持功能起到关键作用的植被根系层的恢复却比较缓慢,降雨侵蚀力的增强加速了土壤侵蚀过程,生态系统的土壤保持功能基本上没有提高.③ 2000—2013年地表水、地下水资源量和土壤湿度均呈明显增加趋势,水质稳定在GB 3838—2002《地表水环境质量标准》划定的Ⅰ~Ⅱ类.降水量和冰川/积雪融水量增加导致径流量增大,气候变暖引起的冻土退化导致地下水库枯水季径流调节作用增强.④ 生态工程实施后,生物栖息地的生境退化状况轻微改善,野生动物的分布范围和种群数量都有了较为明显的增加.      

青海湖介形虫壳体丰度与氧碳同位素的季节和年际变化及其控制因素——来自沉积物捕获器的研究

介形类对其生活的水体环境极其敏感,其壳体的物质几乎全部来自水体,因此壳体的化学组成常常用来反演古气候环境,然而对于青海湖介形虫壳体不同组成的控制因素存在诸多争议和不确定性。本文以沉积物捕获器在青海湖于2010年7月至2011年10月期间获得的介形虫样品为研究对象,结合CTD同步监测的湖水环境参数,探讨了青海湖现生的两个种属介形虫（意外湖花介和胖真星介）丰度和氧、碳同位素（δ¹⁸O、δ¹³C）的季节和年际变化特征及各自控制因素。结果表明,意外湖花介壳体的丰度比胖真星介的高一个数量级,但青海湖两种介形虫出现和丰度变化均受湖水温度直接控制。意外湖花介和胖真星介壳体的δ¹⁸O和δ¹³C均存在明显的年际和季节性变化及种属差异,而同步沉淀的自生碳酸盐却有较为均一的δ¹⁸O组成;两个种属介形虫壳体δ¹⁸O的年际差异是夏季水温系统差异的直接表现,而δ¹⁸O的季节性变化并不受控于降水和蒸发（P/E）比率,而可能主要与由高温诱发的大量自生碳酸盐沉淀有关;青海湖介形虫壳体δ¹³C的变化并不是单一因素控制的结果,可能也与湖水温度、自生碳酸盐沉淀等因素有关。本研究提出的自生碳酸盐沉淀对介形虫壳体δ¹⁸O和δ¹³C的控制作用,对于我们认识青海湖介形虫的环境意义及沉积物中介形虫壳体化学组成的古环境信息提取具有重要的启示意义。     

濒临消失的物种:中华田园犬

它们是狼的后代,有着悠久的历史,它们曾经是人类的亲密伴侣,但现在却面临消亡的命运。     

Effects of Cu（Ⅱ） and humic acid on atrazine photodegradation

This work was designed to explore the characteristics of photodegradation of herbicides in the copper-polluted water body. The results showed that Cu(II) alone could induce a photo Fenton-like reaction to enhance the degradation of atrazine, in which hydroxyl radical ( OH) was a main active species. Humic acids restrained atrazine degradation, nevertheless, when introducing Cu(II), the photodegradation was accelerated, in which singlet oxygen (1O2) replaced OH acting as the prevailing species. A feasible mechanism for the photochemical process was also proposed, which is helpful for better understanding the environmental photochemistry of atrazine in the copper-polluted water.     

Nitrogen cycle of a typical Suaeda salsa marsh ecosystem in the Yellow River estuary

The nitrogen (N) biological cycle of the Suaeda salsa marsh ecosystem in the Yellow River estuary was studied during 2008 to 2009. Results showed that soil N had significant seasonal fluctuations and vertical distribution. The N/P ratio (15.73±1.77) of S. salsa was less than 16, indicating that plant growth was limited by both N and P. The N absorption coefficient of S. salsa was very low (0.007), while the N utilization and cycle coefficients were high (0.824 and 0.331, respectively). The N turnover among compartments of S. salsa marsh showed that N uptake from aboveground parts and roots were 2.539 and 0.622 g/m2, respectively. The N translocation from aboveground parts to roots and from roots to soil were 2.042 and 0.076 g/m2, respectively. The N translocation from aboveground living bodies to litter was 0.497 g/m2, the annual N return from litter to soil was far less than 0.368 g/m2, and the net N mineralization in topsoil during the growing season was 0.033 g/m2. N was an important limiting factor in S. salsa marsh, and the ecosystem was classified as unstable and vulnerable. S. salsa was seemingly well adapted to the low-nutrient status and vulnerable habitat, and the nutrient enrichment due to N import from the Yellow River estuary would be a potential threat to the S. salsa marsh. Excessive nutrient loading might favor invasive species and induce severe long-term degradation of the ecosystem if human intervention measures were not taken. The N quantitative relationships determined in our study might provide a scientific basis for the establishment of effective measures.     

福禄吉祥与生物安全

再过十来天就是春节了!受几千年传统文化的影响,中国人过年总爱与吉祥、如意和福禄之类的祝福挂钩。文玩市场应该说是许多人在春节前乃至春节期间十分乐意光顾的地方。但最近有媒体报道说,在北京的文玩市场,一直以来很受顾客青睐的手捻儿葫芦(寓意福禄)几乎全是美国品种。     

保护海洋:你能做些什么?

地球表面的2/3为海洋所覆盖,我们生存所需的氧70%由海洋提供,面对气候变化及其他威胁,我们该如何去保护海洋呢?做下面的测试去找找答案吧。1、珊瑚白化是指:A.专业的潜水员为游客清洗和漂白珊瑚礁。B.珊瑚虫排出藻类致使珊瑚礁变白的过程。C.年深日久珊瑚会掉     

读《生命的未来》

多年前,他在位于落基山脉亚高山地带的露营场采访时,看到路边的标牌上写着:"请把花留给别人欣赏。"后来这块木牌的标志被腐蚀,一片一片地剥落,于是新的标志代替了这些旧的标志,上面写着:"让花儿继续活下去。"——《生命的未来》尽管和梭罗(Henry DavidThoreau,1817-1862)相隔112岁之遥,声名卓著的生物学家爱德华·威尔逊(Edward Osborne Wilson,1929-)博士还是坚持给业已作古的梭罗写了一封永远无法寄达的长信,放在其2002年出版的著作《生命的未来》(The Future of Life)一书的卷首,     

ENN精粹

托特尼斯最具前瞻性的生态解决之道《观察家》2011年2月6日位于英格兰西南部的托特尼斯,为我们提出了可能是世界上最具前瞻性的生态解决之道。它是城镇转型运动的先锋实践者,推行本土化设计和城镇规模的运作模式,种植粮食与提高能源效率双管齐下,气候变化和石油峰值的问题在这里迎刃而解。