珍惜生物多样性资源谨慎对待转基因作物

中国是一个生物多样性宝库中国是一个有着悠久农耕文化的文明古国,对土地和农作物的感情是我们文化中不可割裂的一部分。而实际上,我国农业文明发达的基础不光是体现在拥有广袤的土地和多样的地形、气候,同时我们也拥有最为丰富多样的物种资源,如八大作物的起源地和丰富多样的野生稻米品种。这些生物多样性资源都是成就中国农业大国,养活十几亿人的基础。     

救救动物界的“丑娃娃”

世界上有许许多多的动物,但很少像熊猫或北极熊一样被频繁印制在手袋或刊血上,原因是它们不够漂亮可爱。别说可爱,有的动物在人类眼里简直是丑陋不堪,惨不忍睹。比如长得跟肉球式的印度鼻蛙,好莱坞影片中的许多骇人外星物种大概就是以它为原型的。但是越来越多的科学家认为,一些濒危的可怜动物,即使其丑无比,不招人爱,依然值得拯救。它们对生态环境的价值未必低于那些外表可爱的物种。     

Petroleum hydrocarbon concentrations in eight mollusc species along Tamilnadu coast, Bay of Bengal, India

Eight mollusc species and sediment samples collected from three different stations along Tamilnadu coast, Bay of Bengal, India were analysed for the levels of petroleum hydrocarbons to elucidate the status of the petroleum residues in mollusc meant for human consumption. The concentrations of petroleum hydrocarbons in sediments along Tamilnadu coast varied from 5.04–25.5 g/g dw (dry weight). High concentration of petroleum hydrocarbons in the sediment of Uppanar estuary (25.5 1.45 g/g dw) was perhaps land and marine based anthropogenic sources of this region. The petroleum hydrocarbon residues in eight mollusc species collected from Uppanar, Vellar and Coleroon estuaries varied between 2.44–6.04 g/g ww (wet weight). Although the concentration of petroleum hydrocarbons in sediment of the Uppanar region was markedly higher than the background, the petroleum hydrocarbon residues in mollusc collected from Uppanar estuary did not suggest bioaccumulation. The results signified that industrial growth has affected the aquatic environments and regular monitoring will help to adopt stringent pollution control measures for better management of the aquatic region.     

类二噁英物质及芳香烃受体(AhR)介导的有害结局路径(AOP)研究进展

二噁英及类二噁英物质(dioxin-like compounds,DLCs)是一类高毒性化合物的统称,对其毒理学的研究一直都是备受关注的焦点。已有证据表明,高毒二噁英及DLCs主要通过激活芳香烃受体(aryl hydrocarbon receptor,AhR),进而导致一系列生物毒性。近年来越来越多的新型有机污染物被发现具有类二噁英分子结构并存在潜在生物毒性或活性。与此同时,如何评估二噁英及DLCs对本土生态生物的危害及其风险也受到更多关注。本文综述了近几年发现的新型二噁英物质、二噁英及DLCs的AhR致毒机制、相应的有害结局路径(adverse outcome pathway,AOP)及AOP在指导探索新型物质及物种敏感性方面上的新观点和发现,同时也展望了二噁英及DLCs在生态毒理及风险评估领域的未来研究方向。     

三江平原湿地植物的土壤环境因子分析

以三江平原毛果苔草(Carex lasiocarpa)湿地和小叶章(Deyeuxia angustifolia)湿地为研究对象,选取土壤全氮(TN)、全磷(TP)、有效氮、有效磷、有机质、pH值和土壤含水量为主要环境控制因子,通过主成分分析(PCA)和逐步多元回归分析,来确定环境因子对物种相对密度和地上生物量的贡献值.结果表明,2个样地中土壤全氮、全磷、有效氮和有效磷的贡献率能达50%左右.毛果苔草湿地中主成分1能够解释88%的物种相对密度和84%的地上生物量;小叶章湿地中主成分1对相对密度和地上生物量的解释量则分别为75%和58%.湿地营养状况决定着植物的生产量;土壤含水量的变化影响着植物对营养物质的吸收和利用.     

Molecular characterization and developmental expression patterns of thyroid hormone receptors (TRs) and their responsiveness to TR agonist and antagonist in Rana nigromaculata

Considering some advantages of Rana nigromaculata as an experimental species, we propose that this species, like Xenopus laevis, could be used to assay thyroid hormone（TH） signaling disrupting actions. To validate the utilizability of R. nigromaculata, we investigated the responsiveness of R. nigromaculata to a TH receptor（TR） agonist（T3） and antagonist（amiodarone） by analyzing expression, based on characterizing TR cDNA and developmental expression patterns. With high levels of identity with the corresponding genes in X. laevis, both TRα and TRβ in R. nigromaculata exhibited roughly similar developmental expression patterns to those of X. laevis, in spite of some species-specific differences. Both TRα and TRβ expression had greater changes in the liver and intestine than in the tail and brain during metamorphosis. T3 exposure for 2 days induced more dramatic increases of TRβ expression in stage 27 than in stage34 tadpoles but not in stage 42 tadpoles, showing that the responsiveness of R. nigromaculata to TH decreased with development and disappeared at the onset of metamorphic climax.Corresponding to greater changes of TRβ expression in the liver and intestine than in the tail and brain during metamorphosis, the liver and intestine had higher responsiveness to exogenous T3 than the tail and brain. Amiodarone inhibited T3-induced TRβ expression. Our results show that R. nigromaculata can be used as a model species for assaying TH signaling disrupting actions by analyzing TRβ expression, and intestine tissues at stage 27 are ideal test materials due to high responsiveness and easy accessibility.     

沈阳市某工业园区挥发性有机物活性及来源解析

利用沈阳市某工业园区大气监测数据,依据等效丙烯浓度(PEC)和臭氧生成潜势(OFP)法识别园区挥发性有机物(VOCs)活性物种,基于主成分分析(PCA)法和正定矩阵因子分析(PMF)模型进行VOCs来源解析.结果表明:芳香烃、烯烃和C5烷烃为园区活性较强的组分;PCA法和PMF模型的VOCs来源解析结果基本一致,园区V...     

四环素对不同品种蔬菜毒性阈值及其敏感性分布

研究抗生素污染对蔬菜毒性阈值及其敏感性分布,对于科学评价土壤抗生素污染的生态风险具有重要意义。采用室内培养方法,选取四环素(TC)作为代表抗生素,调查其对珠三角地区多种蔬菜品种种子萌发的影响。以影响程度最大的指标为测试终点,采用Log-logistic分布模型,对TC的毒性剂量-效应关系进行拟合,并计算其IC₅₀和IC₁₀。以IC₅₀为评价参数,采用物种敏感性分布法(Species sensitivity distributions,SSD),构建TC污染对不同蔬菜品种的SSD曲线,并获得TC毒性阈值(HC₅)和无效应浓度(PNEC)。结果表明,TC污染对实验所选品种蔬菜种子萌发指标的影响程度为：根长>芽长>发芽率,当TC质量浓度为10 mg·L^-1时,9种品种蔬菜种子相对根长、相对芽长和发芽率分别为16.9%-72.5%,42.3%-129.4%,83%-100%。TC污染对种子萌发的影响程度不仅与测试指标相关,还与蔬菜品种密切相关。当TC质量浓度为10mg·L<...     

皇城根儿的孩子怎样参与环境保护?

正北京城的孩子关心环境吗?毋庸置疑,答案是肯定的。这不仅源于孩子们的父母关心环境,也源于环境问题的存在。与时俱进的环境宣教理念北京,是一座古老与现代并行的城市,尽管她也和世界上很多大都市一样高楼林立,但是胡同里某个拐角处不起眼的门墩上的斑驳印痕仿佛总在提醒着你:她有3000多年的建都史。这里不仅有双向16车道、最宽处可达120米的长安街,可容纳91000人观看比赛的鸟巢国家体育馆,这里也有和市     

以兰为名 幽然山中——广西雅长兰科植物自然保护区介绍

雅长兰科植物自治区级自然保护区是中国第一个以兰科植物命名并以其为重点保护对象的保护区,是中国众多保护区中最为独特的一个保护区。中国具有丰富多样的稀有物种和受威胁的物种,如具有丰富多样的世界上最奇特和最珍稀的兜兰和杓兰属植物。