紧急警报:塑化剂风波

2011年4月,有毒物质塑化剂的风波在台湾迅疾刮起,很快刮到世界十数个国家和地区,中国大陆近期也已查出含有塑化剂的多种食品。这股风波来龙去脉如何？塑化剂的危害又是怎样呢？     

基于ARDL方法分析福建省资源利用与经济增长关系

运用物质流分析方法以及最新发展的自回归分布滞后模型(ARDL),对福建省1990~2008年资源利用和实际GDP二者关系进行检验和分析.采用了物质流分析指标中直接物质投入来表征区域资源利用量.ARDL边界检验结果表明,资源利用和经济增长间存在稳定的长期均衡关系.进一步通过ARDL模型揭示了区域经济增长对资源利用长期弹性系数,其值约为0.73,通过误差修正模型揭示了短期弹性系数,表明了经济增长到资源利用的长期格兰杰因果关系.对福建省经济增长和资源保护战略提出了政策建议.这一研究思路和方法具有普适性,可以适用于其他地区关于资源利用和经济增长的问题的讨论和研究.     

城市水循环中的微量污染物负荷

污水中不同的有机化合物,例如,药物、个人护理产品中的添加物、家用化学物质和工业化学等物质都对水生生态系统和人类健康带来了潜在威胁.这些污染物质的大部分在环境中含量非常低,范围在pg/L至ng/L间,因此,被称为微量污染物.这些微量污染物质对水生生态系统和人类健康的威胁表现在内分泌干扰作用、化学敏感作用,污染混合物的交互作用以及长期暴露下的慢性作用.     

水泥企业物质流分析

物质流分析（Material Flow Analysis,MFA）在循环经济建设和可持续发展方面研究迅速,相对国家与区域层次,企业MFA研究成果甚少且分析思路不同。本文选取海南省某水泥企业为研究对象,从企业层次对整个熟料和水泥生产过程中的物质输入与输出进行核算,并结合水泥工业清洁生产标准部分指标对计算结果进行评定。最后针对分析结果,对水泥生产特别是资源投入与污染排放方面提出相关改进措施与建议。     

连续流动氢化物发生原子荧光法测定水中硒

文章介绍连续流动一氢化物发生一原子荧光测定水中硒的方法,研究了盐酸浓度、硼氢化钾浓度、灯电流、光电倍增管负高压、泵速、载气和屏蔽气流量等对测定硒的影响,找出测定水中硒最佳条件,在最佳条件下,校准曲线相关系数为0.9999.方法检出限为0.0095μg/L,方法的测量范围为0.038-300μg/L,回收率在91.8%-...     

节能减排呼唤道德自律

节能减排有广义和狭义之分,广义而言,节能减排是指节约物质资源和能量资源,减少废弃物和环境有害物（包括三废和噪声等）排放;狭义而言,节能减排是指节约能源和减少环境有害物排放。2011年是＂十二五＂开启之年,节能减排的指标已经下达,“十二五”的节能减排指标较“十一五”相比看似有所下降,其实完成难度更大。     

模拟环境条件下δ-MnO_2氧化As(Ⅲ)的搅拌流动动力学特征

采用搅拌流动法研究了酸性水钠锰矿及水羟锰矿2种δ-MnO2矿物氧化As(Ⅲ)的动力学过程,构建了可用于多相体系的搅拌-流动氧化还原反应动力学模型.经过As吸附量的校正后,该模型对酸性水钠锰矿及水羟锰矿氧化As(Ⅲ)动力学数据拟合度分别为0.980和0.951,模型拟合得到pH 7时2种矿物单位比表面上氧化As(Ⅲ)的初始反应速率常数k分别为0.131,0.014min-1·m-2.相比而言,该速率常数明显高于批量法得到的表观速率常数kobs,0.021,0.001min-1?m-2更接近真实的化学动力学参数.搅拌流动法与批量法得到的不同矿物的速率常数大小趋势一致,即尽管酸性水钠锰矿对As(Ⅲ)的氧化率低于水羟锰矿,单位比表面上酸性水钠锰矿氧化As(Ⅲ)初始反应速率却远高于水羟锰矿.反应过程分析表明,反应初始阶段,As(Ⅲ)的吸附为主要限速步骤;而随着反应的进行,矿物表面反应位点逐渐钝化或减少,反应位点数量成为限速步骤.     

Characterization of extracellular polymeric substances in the biofilms of typical bacteria by the sulfur K-edge XANES spectroscopy

A combined approach of physicochemical extraction and sulfur K-edge X-ray absorption near-edge structure（XANES） spectroscopy was applied to characterize the extracellular polymeric substances（EPS） of typical bacterial biofilms in this study. Physicochemical analysis showed variation of the contents of DNA,polysaccharide and protein in different fractions of EPS in different mediums. The sulfur K-edge XANES analysis yielded a variety of spectra.Spectral fitting of the XANES spectra utilizing a large set of model compounds showed that there was more reduced sulfur in both LB-EPS（loosely bound EPS） and TB-EPS（tightly bound EPS） of all the biofilms in LB medium than in R2 A medium. More oxidized sulfur was identified in LB-EPS than that in TB-EPS,suggesting different niches and physiological heterogeneity in the biofilms. Our results suggested that the sulfur K-edge XANES can be a useful tool to analyze the sulfur speciation in EPS of biofilms.     

科技期刊常用量的符号、名称及释义

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Aerobic granules cultivated and operated in continuous-flow bioreactor under particle-size selective pressure

A novel method based on the selective pressure of particle size （particle-size cultivation method, PSCM） was developed for the cultivation and operation of aerobic granular sludge in a continuous-flow reactor, and compared with the conventional method based on the selective pressure of settling velocity （settling-velocity cultivation method, SVCM）. Results indicated that aerobic granules could be cultivated in continuous operation mode by this developed method within 14 days. Although in the granulation process, under particle-size selective pressure, mixed liquor suspended solids （MLSS） in the reactor fluctuated greatly and filamentous bacteria dominated the sludge system during the initial operation days, no obvious difference in profile was found between the aerobic granules cultivated by PSCM and SVCM. Moreover, aerobic granules cultivated by PSCM presented larger diameter, lower water content and higher specific rates of nitrification, denitrifieation and phosphorus removal, but lower settling velocity. Under long term operation of more than 30 days, aerobic granules in the continuous-flow reactor could remain stable and obtain good chemical oxygen demand （COD）, NH4^＋-N, total nitrogen （TN） and total phosphorus （TP） removal. The results indicate that PSCM was dependent on the cultivation and maintenance of the stability of aerobic granules in continuous-flow bioreactors.