UASB反应器厌氧氨氧化菌的脱氮特性研究

研究UASB厌氧氨氧化（ANAMMOX）反应器运行情况,采用普通城市污水厂活性污泥接种,人工合成废水,pH值在7.4～7.8之间,温度控制在(32±1)℃。在反应器稳定运行270～450 d之间的180 d中,对NH⁺₄-N和NO^-₂-N去除率均达到99.9％以上,总氮去除率保持在90％以上,NO^-₃-N产生量在20～30 mg/L之间波动。研究表明,UASB厌氧氨氧化反应器处理废水效果明显,对NH⁺₄-N、NO^-₂-N和TN去除率高,NO^-₂-N和NH⁺₄-N比值可以指示厌氧氨氧化反应器性能的演变。UASB反应器稳定运行阶段容积负荷的影响较小,ANAMMOX菌对合成废水适应性强,反应器抗冲击能力较强,受冲击后恢复迅速。出水pH值稳定在8.5附近,pH值变化情况可作为反应器运行状况的指示。关键词硝化厌氧氨氧化上流式厌氧污泥床生物脱氮     

陶瓷膜生物反应器处理生活污水膜污染机理的研究

采用一个经典模型描述了陶瓷膜生物反应器处理生活污水过程中的通量衰减,通过模型参数分析了膜的污染机理.分析结果表明,孔径为50、200和500 nm的陶瓷膜主要由"部分孔堵塞"机理、"完全孔堵塞"机理和"部分孔堵塞"机理控制.实验表明,孔径为200 nm的陶瓷膜较适用于陶瓷膜生物反应器体系.     

废纸制浆造纸废水治理的工程实例

本文以江苏某瓦楞纸厂为例,通过技改前后不同的废水处理工艺的比较,分析再生纸废水的处理方法.     

火山岩填料曝气生物滤池的SNAD工艺启动特性及功能菌丰度演替

为研究同步亚硝化、厌氧氨氧化耦合反硝化(SNAD)工艺在浸没式生物滤池反应器(SBAF)内的运行特性,同时接种亚硝化污泥和富集ANAMMOX的填料启动SNAD反应器.结果表明在60 mg·L^-1有机物浓度下,自养脱氮和反硝化实现较好的耦合,并在该浓度下稳定运行了67 d,其总氮去除率最高可达92.0%,COD去除率最高达82.9%,最高总氮去除负荷为2.3 kg·(m³·d)^-1.与全程自养脱氮(CANON)工艺相比,SNAD工艺的平均总氮去除率提高了12.6%.荧光定量PCR结果显示,系统启动后AOB菌的丰度有所增长,ANAMMOX菌的丰度增长了1个数量级,而NOB菌和反硝化菌的数量维持在较低水平(小于10⁷ copies·g^-1),表明以火山岩为填料的浸没式生物滤池反应器有利于ANAMMOX和AOB的协同生长,可快速实现SAND工艺的启动.     

南方某市水源水、自来水的致突变活性现状与改善对策

用Ａｍｅｓ试验方法评价现有水处理工艺与模拟水厂水处理工艺对水的致突变活性的控制效果。结果表明,水源水的致突变活性呈阳性,Ｔ（传统处理）工艺出水致突变活性进一步增强;ＢＴ（Ｂ为生物处理）工艺能使致突变活性降低,但仍为阳性;ＢＴＣ（Ｃ为活性炭）、ＯＢＴＣ（Ｏ代表臭氧）组合工艺能有效去除和控制水中的致突物,使水的致突变活性转变为阴性反应。     

浑河源区水生生物与水质评价

对浑河源区的浮游植物、原生动物、轮虫、底栖动物、鱼类和水生维管束植物调查发现 :源区水生物种类绝大多数为贫营养型清水指示种类。数量明显少于下游。源区水质优良 ,水质基本处于自然状态     

张掖地区造纸厂废水灌溉区域微型生物调查研究

通过对造纸废水流经灌区不同点进行微型生物监测 ,从微型生物的指示性角度出发 ,来说明造纸废水水质污染状况。通过监测得知 ,废水灌区微型生物共有 3 8种。其中藻类 1 0种 ,原生动物 2 8种。 3 8种微型生物均属多污性、α-中污性或 β-中污性种类 ,说明造纸废水治理效果较差且对灌区农作物及生态污染较严重。如何解决废水污染及灌区对废水的依赖性 ,应引起有关部门的重视。     

Effects of several amendments on rice growth and uptake of copper and cadmium from a contaminated soil

Heavy metals in variable charge soil are highly bioavailable and easy to transfer into plants. Since it is impossible to completely eliminate rice planting on contaminated soils, some remediation and mitigation techniques are necessary to reduce metal bioavailability and uptake by rice. This pot experiment investigated the e ects of seven amendments on the growth of rice and uptake of heavy metals from a paddy soil that was contaminated by copper and cadmium. The best results were from the application of limestone that increased grain yield by 12.5–16.5 fold, and decreased Cu and Cd concentrations in grain by 23.0%–50.4%. Application of calcium magnesium phosphate, calcium silicate, pig manure, and peat also increased the grain yield by 0.3–15.3 fold, and e ectively decreased the Cu and Cd concentrations in grain. Cd concentration in grain was slightly reduced in the treatments of Chinese milk vetch and zinc sulfate. Concentrations of Cu and Cd in grain and straw were dependent on the available Cu and Cd in the soils, and soil available Cu and Cd were significantly a ected by the soil pH.     

Substrate-induced changes in microbial community-level physiological profiles and their application to discriminate soil microbial communities

The addition of simple substrates could affect the microbial respiration in soils. This substrate-induced respiration is widely used to estimate the soil microbial biomass, but little attention has been paid to its influence on the changes of community-level physiological profiles. In this study, the process of microbial communities responding to the added substrate using sole-carbon-source utilization （BIOLOG） was investigated. BIOLOG is biased toward fast-growing bacteria; this advantage was taken to detect the prompt response of the active microbial communities to the added substrate. Four soil samples from agricultural fields adjacent to heavy metal mines were amended with L-arginine, citric acid, or D-glucose. Substrate amendments could, generally, not only increase the metabolic activity of the microbial communities, but also change the metabolic diverse patterns compared with no-substrate control. By tracking the process, it was found that the variance between substrate-induced treatment and control fluctuated greatly during the incubation course, and the influences of these three substrates were different. In addition, the application of these induced changes to discriminate soil microbial communities was tested. The distance among all samples was greatly increased, which further showed the functional variance among microbial communities in soils. This can be very useful in the discrimination of microbial communities even with high similarity.     

4种动物养殖场空气中抗生素耐药菌的生物多样性及群落结构

动物集约化养殖场可向空气环境释放大量微生物,包括抗生素耐药菌甚至是耐药致病菌,危害动物和工人健康并污染周边空气环境.针对以上问题,本研究以四环素和红霉素耐药菌为例,对动物养殖场空气颗粒物负载抗生素耐药菌的生物多样性以及群落结构展开研究.基于高通量测序技术,对比分析动物舍内与舍外颗粒物,以及粪便样品中抗生素耐药菌的生物学差异,并研究驱动以上差异的关键菌属.结果表明,整体上养殖场空气颗粒物负载红霉素耐药菌的生物多样性高于四环素耐药菌,舍内空气颗粒物负载生物的多样性高于粪便样品.细颗粒物和粗颗粒物负载抗生素耐药菌的生物多样性和群落结构均无显著差异. Actinobacteria是导致红霉素耐药菌和其他细菌群落差异的关键菌门之一,Staphylococcus是四环素耐药菌群区别于红霉素耐药菌和全部细菌菌群的关键菌属之一.群落结构研究结果显示,四环素和红霉素耐药菌的优势菌群和群落结构没有显著差异.但粪便和空气颗粒物负载生物的群落结构在属水平上差异显著,优势菌门也有所不同.本研究结果将为准确评估动物养殖场空气环境中抗生素耐药菌污染现状及其生态风险提供基础数据.