煤炭气化常压高温蒸汽锅炉的测试与分析

以洗浴行业为例,通过对煤炭气化高温蒸汽锅炉的节能、环保及安全指标的测试与分析,表明这种新型的锅炉可以在常压下产生150℃的高温蒸汽,在燃烧未经洗选的散煤的情况下,其排放的SO2和烟尘都达到国家一级排放标准,锅炉平均热效率可达78.05%,比同类大烟煤锅炉节省约30%,比型煤锅炉节省约50%,比燃油锅炉、燃气锅炉、电锅炉节省60%以上。     

基于Aspen Plus的生物质燃烧NOx生成模拟

利用Aspen Plus软件平台建立了生物质燃烧模型,对燃烧中NOx的生成进行了模拟计算,计算结果与已有文献的试验结果较好地相符.在此基础上,研究了燃烧温度和过量空气系数对生物质燃烧NOx生成的影响规律.结果表明,生物质燃烧过程中NOx的生成量随温度和过量空气系数的增长而快速增长;应用Aspen Plus模拟生物质燃烧具有一定的可行性,而且其模型参数设置较为灵活,能够对多种生物质的燃烧进行热力学分析,可为生物质清洁燃烧技术提供有益参考.     

浅谈秸秆发电技术

针对我国能源与环境面临的双重压力,介绍了生物质发电的国内外发展状况;重点阐述了作为生物质发电主流的秸秆发电技术的原理及其产业化发展的概况,对各种秸秆发电技术的特点及其优势、效益及存在的问题进行了分析,指出了生物质发电的潜力巨大、前景广阔。     

财政部将对秸秆能源化生产企业财政补助

为减少和杜绝我国农村一些地区焚烧农作物秸秆行为,财政部近日表示,中央财政将安排资金支持秸秆产业化发展。支持的对象是从事秸秆成型燃料、秸秆气化、秸秆干馏等秸秆能源化生产的企业,支持资金主要采取综合性补助方式,支持企业收集秸秆、生产秸秆能源产品并向市场推广。     

固体废弃物生物质清洁利用技术分析研究

在介绍我国固体废弃物中生物质的主要来源的基础上,论述了目前主要的国内外生物质清洁利用技术,并就各处理技术及工艺的优缺点进行了分析,提出了相关技术应用过程中需要注意的问题,并对今后固体废弃物中生物质的综合利用提出了建议。主要资源的现状、来源、开发利用方式及主要问题分析     

生物质燃料的产品性能、生产工艺与效益的初步分析

提出了利用牛粪、秸秆生产生物质燃料的工艺、设备与效益分析.     

荒漠能源植物气化发电的环境影响评价

对荒漠生物质气化发电进行LCA评价,建立评价模型,在评价过程中选用了燃煤发电系统为参照.研究结果表明,生物质利用过程没有CO2的排放,整个发电周期中仅原料的生产、运输以及预处理过程消耗能量导致CO2排放,因此生物质气化发电方案的排放量远远小于燃煤方案,减排量达到了87%-94%.生物质发电与燃煤发电相比,对环境污染降低程度的总指数为3.68.生物质能源的开发大大削减了化石能源利用带来的环境污染问题,同时也能够缓解能源危机.     

Pollution characteristics of organic and elemental carbon in PM2:5 in Xiamen, China

Xiamen,located on the southeastern coastal line of China,is undergoing rapid urbanization and industrialization,so its air quality has a trend of degradation.However,studies on level,temporal and spatial changes of fine particles (PM2.5) and their carbonaceous fractions are scarce.In this article,abundance,sources,seasonal and spatial variations,distribution of organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) in PM2.5,were studied at suburban,urban and industrial sites in Xiamen during four season-representative months in 2009-2010.PM2.5 samples were collected with middle volume sampler and were analyzed for OC and EC with thermal optical transmittance (TOT) method.Results showed that the annual average PM2.5 concentrations were 63.88-74.80 μg/m3 at three sites.While OC and EC concentrations were in the range of 15.81-19.73 μg/m3 and 2.74-3.49 μg/m3,respectively,and clearly presented the summer minima and winter maxima in this study.The carbonaceous aerosol accounted for 42.8％-47.3％ of the mass of PM2.5.The annual average of secondary organic carbon (SOC) concentrations in Xiamen were 9.23-11.36 μg/m3,accounting for approximately 56％ of OC.Strong correlations between OC and EC was found in spring (R2 = 0.50) and autumn (R2 = 0.73),suggesting that there were similar emission and transport processes for carbonaceous aerosols in these two seasons,while weak correlations were found in summer (R2 = 0.33) and winter (R2 = 0.41).The OC/EC ratios in PM2.5 varied from 2.1 to 8.7 with an annual average of 5.7,indicating that vehicle exhaust,coal smoke and biomass burning were main source apportionments of carbonaceous fractions in Xiamen.     

Kappaphycus alvarezii waste biomass: A potential biosorbent for chromium ions removal

The Cr(III) sorption experiments onto Kappaphycus alvarezii waste biomass were conducted at different pH values (2–6) under the conditions of initial metal concentration of 10–50 mg/L and the chemical compositions of Cr-Cu and Cr-Cd. The Cr(III) sorption capacities were slightly dependent on pH, and the maximum sorption capacity was 0.86 mg/g at pH 3. The sorption capacities increased with increase in the initial metal concentration, whereas it was suppressed by the presence of Cu(II) and Cd(III) in the solution. The Cr(III) sorption equilibrium was evaluated using Langmuir, Freundlich and BET isotherms. The sorption mechanisms were characterised using scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The main mechanisms were ion exchange coupled with a complexation mechanism. Kappaphycus alvarezii waste biomass represents a potential for Cr(III) ion removal from aqueous solution.     

基于微生物燃料电池技术的多元生物质生物产电研究进展

微生物燃料电池(microbial fuel cell,MFC)是一种使用微生物作为催化剂,直接将生物质能转化为电能的装置,为生物质的利用提供了新的途径.底物类型和底物浓度对于MFC的性能至关重要.使用小分子酸、醇或葡萄糖等简单有机物为底物时,MFC功率输出较高.但当底物为结构复杂的有机物时,为了提高MFC功率输出和底物降解效率,可以采用物理、化学手段对其进行预处理、采用天然菌群进行生物预降解或者添加简单有机物进行底物强化.基于多元生物质MFC技术未来将应用于污水中生物质能回收、偏远地区供电和生物传感器等方面.