Biodegradation of Crystal Violet by Agrobacterium radiobacter

Agrobacterium radiobacter MTCC 8161 completely decolorized the Crystal Violet with 8 hr (10 mg/L) at static anoxic conditions. The decreased decolorization capability by A. radiobacter was observed, when the Crystal Violet concentration was increased from 10 to 100 mg/L. Semi-synthetic medium containing 1% yeast extract and 0.1% NH4Cl has shown 100% decolorization of Crystal Violet within 5 hr. A complete degradation of Crystal Violet by A. radiobacter was observed up to 7 cycles of repeated addition (10 mg/L). When the effect of increasing inoculum concentration on decolorization of Crystal Violet (100 mg/L) was studied, maximum decolorization was observed with 15% inoculum concentration. A significant increase in the activities of laccase (184%) and aminopyrine N-demethylase (300%) in cells obtained after decolorization indicated the involvement of these enzymes in decolorization process. The intermediates formed during the degradation of Crystal Violet were analyzed by gas chromatography and mass spectroscopy (GC/MS). It was detected the presence of N,N,N′,N′′-tetramethylpararosaniline, [N; N-dimethylaminophenyl] [N-methylaminophenyl] benzophenone, N; N-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde, 4-methyl amino phenol and phenol. We proposed the hypothetical metabolic pathway of Crystal Violet biodegradation by A. radiobacter. Phytotoxicity and microbial toxicity study showed that Crystal Violet biodegradation metabolites were less toxic to bacteria (A. radiobacter, P. aurugenosa and A. vinelandii) contributing to soil fertility and for four kinds of plants (Sorghum bicolor, Vigna radiata, Lens culinaris and Triticum aestivum) which are most sensitive, fast growing and commonly used in Indian agriculture.     

Destruction of methylphosphonic acid in a supercritical water oxidation bench-scale double wall reactor

The destruction of methylphosphonic acid (MPA), a final product by hydrolysis/neutralization of organophosphorus agents such as sarin and VX (O-ethyl S-[2-(diisopropylamino)ethyl] methylphosphonothionate), was investigated in a a bench-scale, continuous concentric vertical double wall reactor under supercritical water oxidation condition. The experiments were conducted at a temperature range of 450–600°C and a fixed pressure of 25 MPa. Hydrogen peroxide was used as an oxidant. The destruction e ciency (DE) was monitored by analyzing total organic carbon (TOC) and MPA concentrations using ion chromatography on the liquid e uent samples. The results showed that the DE of MPA up to 99.999% was achieved at a reaction temperature of 600°C, oxygen concentration of 113% storichiometric requirement, and reactor residence time of 8 sec. On the basis of the data derived from experiments, a global kinetic rate equation for the DE of MPA and DE of TOC were developed by nonlinear regression analysis. The model predictions agreed well with the experimental data.     

AM-DAC-DMDAAC共聚物制备及其絮凝性能研究

采用光辅助引发技术,通过水溶液聚合法制备阳离子型丙烯酰胺(AM)-丙烯酰氧乙基三甲基氯化铵(DAC)-二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵(DMDAAC)共聚物P(AM-DAC-DMDAAC)。考察了两种阳离子单体配比、引发温度、溶液pH值、引发剂质量分数等因素对产物特性黏数及溶解性的影响,并对产物的絮凝性能进行了研究。结果表明,在m(DAC)∶m(DMDAAC)=1∶1、引发温度为15℃、pH=5、引发剂质量分数为0.003 0%时,所得聚合物的特性黏数达16.047 9 d L/g,溶解时间为40 min。在P(AM-DAC-DMDAAC)特性粘数12.110 2d L/g,用量为0.04%的条件下,污水的透光率96.00%,絮凝率76.04%,脱水率83.75%。     

镍钛交联改性蛭石对染料废水的吸附性能研究

蛭石具有良好的吸附性、离子交换性能,在废水处理中有广泛的应用前景。本文用硫酸镍和四氯化钛作为交联剂,制备无机镍钛交联蛭石和有机镍钛交联蛭石(分别记为:In-Ni-Ti-VMT、Or-Ni-Ti-VMT),并对亚甲基蓝废水进行静态吸附实验。实验结果表明:在最佳条件下,采用In-Ni-Ti-VMT、Or-Ni-Ti-VMT对亚甲基蓝废水进行吸附,此工艺流程简单,性能稳定,处理效果较好,是一种行之有效的处理方法。经再生处理的蛭石对亚甲基蓝仍有较好的吸附效果,可以循环利用。     

掺杂型二氧化钛纳米管光催化降解甲基橙研究

利用本实验室制备的N-F原子掺杂二氧化钛纳米管作催化剂,在可见光区对甲基橙(MO)进行光催化降解实验。在催化剂用量固定为3cm2时考察了不同初始浓度、pH值、溶解氧(DO)等对降解率的影响。结果表明,在可见光区该催化剂具有较高的光催化活性;当溶液DO为19.2mg/L、pH值为3、初始浓度为10mg/L、反应时间300min时,降解率可达82.3%。     

CoFe2O4的制备及其对有机膦酸的去除性能研究

采用水热法制备CoFe₂O₄作为催化剂,降解氨基三亚甲基膦（NTMP）,并通过X射线衍射仪（XRD）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）等表征方法对催化剂的结构、形貌进行表征.同时,系统研究了不同pH、过硫酸盐浓度、NTMP浓度、共存离子等因素对其催化过硫酸盐氧化降解有机磷的 影响.结果表明,本研究成功合成了CoFe₂O₄催化剂.NTMP降解率随着催化剂投加量、过硫酸氢钾（PMS）浓度的增加而增大,随着初始NTMP浓度的增加而减小.弱酸性条件有利于反应活化PMS降解NTMP,而中性或碱性条件都会减缓催化反应的进行.CoFe₂O₄/PMS体系对NTMP的降解率最多达90.3%.不同阴离子对催化反应的影响不同,溶液中NO₃ 、SO₄^2-对反应的抑制作用不明显,Cl^-会对反应产生轻微的抑制作用,而HCO₃^-的出现大大抑制了催化剂的催化性能.催化剂具有良好的稳定性,5次循环后仍能在30 min之内降解86.0%的NTMP.此外,捕获实验和EPR测试结果表明,CoFe₂O₄/PMS 催化体系中活性物种分别为SO₄^·-、·OH和¹O₂ .     

CuO/g-C3N4活化过二硫酸盐降解甲基橙

采用水热-煅烧法合成了CuO/g-C₃N₄催化剂,利用X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜、红外吸收光谱和X射线能谱对其基本性能进行表征,进一步研究了不同参数下CuO/g-C₃N₄活化过二硫酸盐(PDS)体系对有机污染物(甲基橙,MO)的去除效果。活化实验结果表明:CuO/g-C₃N₄对活化PDS降解MO具有明显效果。优化实验结果表明:在催化剂的水热时间为8 h,CuO复合比为10%,反应体系中催化剂初始浓度为1.00 g/L,PDS初始浓度为4 mmol/L,pH=3的条件下,30 min内MO的降解率高达99.20%。机理分析表明催化剂表面的硫酸根自由基(SO₄-·)和羟基自由基(·OH)是降解MO的主要活性物质,并且有少量超氧自由基(·O₂-)参与其中。对该催化剂进行5次重复实验后,活化PDS对MO降解率仍保持在90%以上,表明该催化剂有较好的稳定性。     

Citrobacter sp. LW-3对偶氮染料甲基橙的降解脱色特性研究

从长期受染料污染的土壤中分离出一株能对甲基橙高效降解脱色的柠檬酸盐杆菌Citrobacter sp.LW-3.菌株LW-3在添加了0.5%(g/100 mL)葡萄糖的MSM-1培养基中,16 h使100 mg·L-1甲基橙降解掉90.56%.该菌株对甲基橙降解脱色可在完全好氧条件下,脱色与木质素过氧化物酶、NADH-DCIP原酶、核黄素还原酶有关.菌株LW-3降解甲基橙的适宜温度较广,20~40℃24 h均能使超过80%的甲基橙降解脱色,适宜pH范围为6.0~8.0.通气量对菌株LW-3影响较小,24 h各装液量组(25~200 mL)甲基橙均能降解近90%.同时,菌株LW-3具有较广的染料降解谱,3 d内可使20 mg·L-1另3种偶氮染料、两种三苯甲烷类染料和一种蒽醌类染料很好脱色.菌株LW-3在染料废水的生物处理方面有较强的实际应用价值.     

Sorption and phase distribution of ethanol and butanol blended gasoline vapours in the vadose zone after release

The sorption and phase distribution of 20% ethanol and butanol blended gasoline （E20 and B20） vapours have been examined in soils with varying soil organic matter （SOM） and water contents via laboratory microcosm experiments. The presence of 20% alcohol reduced the sorption of gasoline compounds by soil as well as the mass distribution of the compounds to soil solids. This effect was greater for ethanol than butanol. Compared with the sorption coefficient （Kd） of unblended gasoline compounds, the Kd of E20 gasoline compounds decreased by 54% for pentane, 54% for methylcyclopentane （MCP） and 63% for benzene, while the Kd of B20 gasoline compounds decreased by 39% for pentane, 38% for MCP and 49% for benzene, The retardation factor （R） of E20 gasoline compounds decreased by 53% for pentane, 53% for MCP and 48% for benzene, while the R of B20 gasoline compounds decreased by 39% for pentane, 37% for MCP and 38% for benzene. For all SOM and water contents tested, the Kd and R of all gasoline compounds were in the order of unblended gasoline 〉 B20 〉 E20, indicating that the use of high ethanol volume in gasoline to combat climate change could put the groundwater at greater risk of contamination,     

改性稻壳吸附柱处理亚甲基蓝废水试验研究

研究改性稻壳吸附柱对亚甲基蓝模拟废水的动态吸附。以改性稻壳为填料,分别填入4、6、8 cm高的改性稻壳,通以亚甲基蓝模拟废水,探究流速、废水浓度、吸附柱高、吸附剂粒径等因素对亚甲基蓝模拟废水动态吸附的影响。穿透时间(ta)和耗竭时间(tb)随填料高度(h)的关系分别为:ta=47.75 h-95.16(R2=0.994),tb=62.5 h+161.6(R2=0.999)。研究表明,曲线拟合后计算出6 cm高吸附柱在流速3m L/min时的吸附容量为106.45 mg;改性稻壳对亚甲基蓝模拟废水的吸附能较好地符合博哈特(Bohart)和亚当斯(Adams)方程式。