一体化工艺中反硝化聚磷菌比例测定研究

反硝化聚磷菌可以在缺氧条件下利用硝酸盐氮和亚硝酸盐氮作为电子受体完成吸磷过程,确定反硝化聚磷菌比例对于强化反硝化除磷作用具有重要意义。从一体化活性污泥工艺中取污泥混合液,加入蔗糖合200mg/LCOD后进行厌氧搅拌,2h后将厌氧污泥分成三等份,其中两份分别加入10mg/LNO3--N、10mg/LNO2--N后缺氧搅拌2h,另一份用充氧仪曝气2h。根据厌氧、缺氧/好氧交替过程中不同电子受体下的除磷量,可以简便的确定反硝化聚磷菌在全部聚磷菌中的比例,结果表明该一体化工艺中反硝化聚磷菌在全部聚磷菌中的比例达到98.92%。     

上海市环境污染事故风险受体脆弱性评价研究

从环境风险受体敏感性和适应力两方面构建了脆弱性概念模型,在此基础上,考虑社会经济脆弱性和生态系统脆弱性,选取14个指标构建了上海市环境污染事故风险受体综合脆弱性评价指标体系.研究结果表明：上海市中心城区社会脆弱性较高,而崇明岛、南汇、奉贤的社会经济脆弱性最低;黄浦江上游水源保护区、崇明岛东滩湿地生态系统脆弱性较高,浦东...     

In vitro fluorescence displacement investigation of thyroxine transport disruption by bisphenol A

Bisphenol A (BPA) is a chemical with high production volume and wide applications in many industries. Although BPA is known as an endocrine disruptor, its toxic mechanisms have not been fully characterized. Due to its structural similarity to thyroid hormones thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3), one possible mechanism of BPA toxicity is disruption of hormone transport by competitive binding with the transport proteins. In this study, the binding interactions of BPA, T4, and T3 with three thyroid hormone transport proteins, human serum albumin (HSA), transthyretin (TTR), and thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG) were investigated by fluorescence measurement. Using two site-specific fluorescence probes dansylamide and dansyl-L-proline, the binding constants of BPA with HSA at drug site I and site II were determined as 2.90 104 and 3.14 104 L/mol, respectively. By monitoring the intrinsic fluorescence of tryptophan, a binding constant of 4.70 103 L/mol was obtained. Similarly, by employing 8-anilino-1-naphthalenesulfonic acid as fluorescence probe, the binding a nity of BPA with TTR and TBG was measured to be 3.10 105 and 5.90 105 L/mol, respectively. In general, BPA showed lower binding a nity with the proteins than T3 did, and even lower a nity than T4. Using these binding constants, the amount of BPA which would bind to the transport proteins in human plasma was estimated. These results suggest that the concentrations of BPA commonly found in human plasma are probably not high enough to interfere with T4 transport.     

Evaluation of endocrine disruption and dioxin-like effects of organic extracts from sewage sludge in autumn in Beijing,China

Study on effective disposal and utilization of sewage sludge has recently been the target of growing interest in China. However, potential risks are associated with the use of sludge due to its contamination with toxic organics, heavy metals and pathogenic microorganisms. In this study, a screening assessment was conducted on sewage sludge samples collected from 17 different sewage treatment plants in Beijing, based on a batch of in vitro bioassays, including a set of recombinant gene yeast assays for endocrine disruption, and an ethoxy resorufin-O- deethylase （EROD） assay using H4IIE cells for aryl hydrocarbon receptor （Ah-R） agonistic activities. Our results suggested that moderate levels of estrogen receptor agonistic activities （0.9 ng E2. g-1 to 6.8 ng E2. gl, dw）, but relative higher androgen receptor antagonistic activ- ities （nd to 45%）, progestin receptor antagonistic activities （nd to 80%） and Ah-R agonistic activities （1390 to 6740 pg 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin （TCDD）·g-1, dw） were found in sewage sludge samples. However, there were no significant correlations between the toxic effects of sewage sludge and the sewage treatment processes. In addition, the 17β-estradiol （E2） equivalent quantity （EEQ） level of the sewage sludge was increased after the composting treatment, whereas the 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodi- benzo-p-dioxin toxic equivalent quantity （TEQ） level of sewagesludge composted was much lower than that of sewage sludge.     

基于受体模型和地统计学相结合的土壤镉污染源解析

研究了武汉市东湖高新技术开发区约150km2范围内土壤重金属Cd元素的含量分布和潜在来源情况. 并利用主成份分析/绝对主成分分数(PCA/APCS)受体模型定量解析了土壤中Cd的来源, 结果表明土壤中Cd的来源以源1为主(来源分担率为:源167%、源28%、源316%,其他源9%).同时利用该受体模型得到了在每个采样点的源贡献量, 并用地统计学方法插值了Cd的源贡献量的空间分布状况.结果显示, Cd各个源贡献量具有不同的空间分布状况, 其中最大源1的高贡献值主要集中在研究区中部. 结合PCA分析和源贡献量空间分布状况, 初步推断源1可能为电子工业源,源2为城市大气沉降,源3应为成土母质. 研究结果表明, 将PCA/APCS受体模型和地统计学方法相结合可以有效地对土壤重金属隐性污染源进行定性识别及定量解析.     

美国研究小组为内分泌扰乱物质建立基于细胞的分析

2013年7月18日来源:化学毒理学研究美国科学家开发了一种基于细胞的体外分析,用于筛选可能充当人类雌激素和扰乱信号传导途径的化学物质。由来自美国环保署的Richard Judson领导的一个研究小组开发了这一使用会对雌激素做出反应的人类乳腺细胞的试验。这些科学家监测了在对为ToxCast筛选计划选定的1815种化学物质(包括农药、药品以     

固相萃取-超高效液相色谱串联质谱法测定城市污水中5种β-受体阻断剂

β-受体阻断剂是一类常用的心血管疾病治疗药物. 建立了城市污水中索他洛尔、普萘洛尔、卡维地洛、奈比洛尔和纳多洛尔5种β-受体阻断剂的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱联用检测方法. 水样经MCX固相萃取小柱富集、净化,采用0.1%甲酸水溶液与乙腈为流动相进行梯度洗脱,经BEH C18色谱柱分离,通过多反应监测模式进行测定. 该方法对5种β-受体阻断剂的线性范围为0.1～100.0 μg/L,相关系数(R2)均大于0.99. 污水中索他洛尔、普萘洛尔、卡维地洛、奈比洛尔和纳多洛尔的定量限为0.2～2.0 ng/L,加标回收率为54.1%～113.4%,相对标准偏差小于22%,可用于城市污水中相关物质的分析测定.      

利用报告基因试验检测饮用水源水的内分泌干扰活性（Endocrine-Disrupting Effects of Drinking Source Water with the Reporter Gene Assay）

基于非洲猴肾CV-1细胞受体转录激活试验,研究了饮用水源水内分泌干扰活性的检测方法,并测定了南方某城市某水厂水源水中有机提取物的拟雌激素活性和拟/抗甲状腺激素活性.结果表明,CV-1细胞受体转录激活试验是一种筛选和定量分析具有拟雌激素受体活性和拟/抗甲状腺受体活性的内分泌干扰物的快速、有效的方法.结合固相萃取等前处理技术,有效检测了南方某城市某水厂水源水弱极性和强极性有机提取物的内分泌干扰活性.此水源水弱极性组分和强极性组分,皆可以显著诱导雌激素活性,诱导倍数为对照组的6~7倍,且弱极性组分的拟雌激素活性要略强于极性组分.弱极性组分和强极性组分在不同浓缩倍数下皆不会显著诱导甲状腺激素活性,但当与5nmol·L-1T3共同作用于CV-1细胞时,弱极性组分在25~100倍浓缩时,会产生显著的拟甲状腺激素活性,且表现为与5nmol·L-1T3协同作用;在25~100倍浓缩的强极性组分暴露下,无显著的拮抗甲状腺激素活性,但当样品浓度上升至200倍浓缩暴露时,表现为显著拮抗甲状腺激素活性.对应的化学分析表明,该水厂水源水中含有有机氯农药类化合物及其代谢物(0.09~0.33ng·L-1)、多氯联苯类化合物(0.06~0.1ng·L-1)、多环芳烃类化合物(0.6~19.0ng·L-1)和辛基酚(49ng·L-1)等内分泌干扰物,很好地印证了样品内分泌干扰活性的来源.     

出生前后全氟辛烷磺酸（PFOS）暴露对大鼠额叶皮质中IGF-Ⅰ、IGF-ⅠR和IGFBP-2 mRNA水平的影响

为研究出生前后不同时期全氟辛烷磺酸(PFOS)暴露对大鼠仔鼠额叶皮质胰岛素样生长因子-Ⅰ(IGF-Ⅰ)、胰岛素样生长因子-Ⅰ受体(IGF-ⅠR)和胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白-2(IGFBP-2)mRNA水平的影响,将28只受孕Wistar大鼠按3:2:2的比例随机分到对照(C)、低剂量(L)和高剂量(H)组中,从妊娠第0天开始分别自由摄食含0、7.2、14.4mg·kg-(1以饲料中的PFOS计)的粉末状饲料进行连续染毒至出生后28天.采用交叉哺育的方法建立出生前后均不暴露(CC)、仅出生前暴露(LC和HC)、仅出生后暴露(CL和CH)、出生前后均暴露(LL和HH)于PFOS的动物模型.采用半定量RT-PCR法检测各组仔鼠额叶皮质IGF-Ⅰ、IGF-ⅠR和IGFBP-2mRNA水平的变化.结果表明,对照组仔鼠额叶皮质IGF-Ⅰ、IGFBP-2mRNA在PD14时处于较高水平,而在PD1和PD28时水平较低;IGF-ⅠRmRNA在PD1时只处于较低水平,随年龄的增加而逐渐升高.在PD1时,暴露组仔鼠IGF-Ⅰ、IGF-ⅠR、IGFBP-2mRNA水平显著高于对照组(p<0.05).在PD14时,除LC组仔鼠IGF-ⅠRmRNA水平显著高于对照组之外,其余各暴露组仔鼠3者mRNA水平均显著低于对照组(p<0.01).此外,出生后暴露PFOS组的仔鼠额叶皮质IGF-Ⅰ、IGFBP-2mRNA水平降低程度比出生前暴露PFOS组仔鼠更高.在PD28时,暴露组仔鼠IGF-Ⅰ、IGF-ⅠRmRNA水平显著低于对照组(p<0.01),而IGFBP-2mRNA水平与对照组之间的差异无显著性(p>0.05).出生前后不同时期暴露PFOS导致大鼠仔鼠额叶皮质IGF-Ⅰ、IGF-ⅠR和IGFBP-2mRNA水平变化,为PFOS发育神经毒性的研究提供了一定的线索.